School of Education

EDUC 11SC. Work and Family. 2 Units.

Examination into the forces behind the rise in women's paid work and subsequent changes in the workplace and in families. Topics include gendered division of labor, decisions about marriage and childrearing, economic issues, employers' role in structuring work and family, and public policy issues such as anti-discrimination laws, divorce laws, and subsidized child care.

EDUC 12SC. Hip Hop as a Universal Language. 2 Units.

This seminar-cipher considers the prospect of ¿Hip Hop as a Universal Language.¿ Hip Hop Culture has captured the minds of youth "all around the world, from Japan to Amsterdam" (like the homie Kurupt says), shaping youth identities, styles, attitudes, languages, fashions, and both physical and political stances. The field of global Hip Hop studies has emerged as scholars around the world grapple with what is arguably the most profound cultural, musical, and linguistic youth movement of the early 21st century. Participants in this seminar-cipher will be engaged in critical discussions around a particular constellation of concerns: Hip Hop Cultures, youth identities, the politics of language, race, and ethnicity, and the simultaneous processes of globalization and localization. Through the examination of various texts (scholarly readings, documentary films, guest speakers and artists), we span the Global Hip Hop Nation ¿ through scenes as diverse as Hong Kong¿s urban center, Germany¿s Mannheim inner-city district of Weststadt, the Brazilian favelas, the streets of Lagos and Dar es Salaam, and the hoods of the San Francisco Bay Area ¿ to explore Hip Hop¿s global linguistic flows.

EDUC 13SC. Language, Identity, and the Power of Public Discourse. 2 Units.

Have you ever engaged in a conversation with someone who sounds different than you expect? This course explores instances like those that highlight the interaction between language and identity and its implications for learning. The theme of language and identity emerges as significant because of the subtle yet powerful impact it has on our cultural interactions. We have an inherent expectation of how we expect people to communicate. Yet, do these expectations interfere with teaching and learning practices? Many individuals take seminars and classes that focus on teaching professional modes of communication and discourse. This course will offer a detailed examination of scholarship that investigates the power of the subtle messages embedded in language. In addition, to gain a sense of the power of these interactions in practice, we will engage in the following research activities: (a) Participants will engage in school site visits to examine these interactions in practice; (b) Participants will engage in critical interviews of broadcasters at a local television station to discuss the role of language and identity in their presentation; and (c) We will visit a recording studio to discuss the role of language and identity with local hip-hop producers and artists.

EDUC 98X. Service Learning Practicum. 1 Unitss.

For Alternative Spring Break program leaders. The skills and philosophical framework to develop and lead an ASB experience.

EDUC 100A. EAST House Seminar: Current Issues and Debates in Education. 1 Unitss.

Education and Society Theme (EAST) House seminar. In fall quarter, faculty from around the University discuss the latest issues, debates, and research in Education. In winter quarter, research and practice pertaining to gender, sexuality, and education are covered by scholars from around the University and beyond. In the spring, the seminar revolves around higher education and political activism through the lens of race and ethnicity. Through an examination of these topics, students are able to share and develop their varied interests in educational research, policy, and practice.

EDUC 100B. EAST House Seminar: Current Issues and Debates in Education. 1 Unitss.

Education and Society Theme (EAST) House seminar. In fall quarter, faculty from around the University discuss the latest issues, debates, and research in Education. In winter quarter, research and practice pertaining to gender, sexuality, and education are covered by scholars from around the University and beyond. In the spring, the seminar revolves around higher education and political activism through the lens of race and ethnicity. Through an examiniation of these topics, students are able to share and develop their varied interests in educational research, policy, and practice.

EDUC 100C. EAST House Seminar: Current Issues and Debates in Education. 1 Unitss.

Education and Society Theme (EAST) House seminar. In fall quarter, faculty from around the University discuss the latest issues, debates, and research in Education. In winter quarter, research and practice pertaining to gender, sexuality, and education are covered by scholars from around the University and beyond. In the spring, the seminar revolves around higher education and political activism through the lens of race and ethnicity. Through an examination of these topics, students are able to share and develop their varied interests in educational research, policy, and practice.
Same as: ASNAMST 100C.

EDUC 101. Introduction to Teaching and Learning. 3-5 Units.

This course is designed to help undergraduates explore career interests in education; it is the core course for the Undergraduate Minor in Education, and fulfills requirements for Honors in Education. The course considers the philosophy, history, politics, professional practice and social structures of teaching in the United States. Students will read and discuss teaching theory and research, participate in learning activities and visit school teaching sites, as well as examine and analyze artifacts and models of teaching.

EDUC 102. Examining Social Structures, Power, and Educational Access. 2-3 Units.

Goal is to prepare Education and Youth Development fellows for their work with adolescents in the Haas Center's pre-college summer programs and to define their role in addressing educational inequities in the summer programs and beyond.

EDUC 103A. Tutoring: Seeing a Child through Literacy. 4 Units.

Experience tutoring grade school readers in a low income community near Stanford under supervision. Training in tutoring; the role of instruction in developing literacy; challenges facing low income students and those whose first language is not English. How to see school and print through the eyes of a child. Ravenswood Reads tutors encouraged to enroll. Service Learning Course (certified by Haas Center).
Same as: EDUC 203A.

EDUC 103B. Race, Ethnicity, and Linguistic Diversity in Classrooms: Sociocultural Theory and Practices. 3-5 Units.

Focus is on classrooms with students from diverse racial, ethnic and linguistic backgrounds. Studies, writing, and media representation of urban and diverse school settings; implications for transforming teaching and learning. Issues related to developing teachers with attitudes, dispositions, and skills necessary to teach diverse students.
Same as: AFRICAAM 106, CSRE 103B, EDUC 337.

EDUC 103C. Educational Policy, Diversity, and English Learners. 3-4 Units.

Undergraduates engage in the real world of teaching. Historical and legal foundations, and materials, methods, and strategies for English and primary language development. Students tutor an English learner.

EDUC 104X. Conduct of Research with and in Communities. 3-4 Units.

For undergraduates interested in service learning and research in community settings. The historical and theoretical underpinnings of community-based participatory research (CBPR), action research, community-embedded research, participant observation, and qualitative research.

EDUC 105X. Introduction to Education Research for Undergraduates. 3 Units.

EDUC 105X explores types and purposes and products of education research. Broadly, this seminar course is designed to support Stanford undergraduates in exploring academic and career interests in education; specifically, this course satisfies requirements for the Education Minor, and supports students considering application to the Education Honors Program. In this course we consider what defines education research, and what factors make for quality research. Each week we will read current research by School of Education scholars and welcome the researcher-authors as guest speakers to the class. Students will identify an education topic of interest and write an educational literature review to that topic.

EDUC 106. Interactive Media in Education. 3-5 Units.

Workshop.

EDUC 109X. Educational Issues in Contemporary China. 3-4 Units.

Reforms such as the decentralization of school finance, emergence of private schools, expansion of higher education, and reframing of educational policy to focus on issues of quality. Have these reforms exacerbated educational inequality.
Same as: EDUC 309X.

EDUC 110. Sociology of Education: The Social Organization of Schools. 4 Units.

Seminar. Key sociological theories and empirical studies of the links between education and its role in modern society, focusing on frameworks that deal with sources of educational change, the organizational context of schooling, the impact of schooling on social stratification, and the relationships between the educational system and other social institutions such as families, neighborhoods, and the economy.
Same as: EDUC 310, SOC 132, SOC 332.

EDUC 111. The Young Adult Novel: A Literature For and About Adolescents. 4 Units.

For undergraduates considering teaching or working with adolescents, and for those planning to apply to the coterminal program in the Stanford Teacher Education program (STEP). Students work together to define the genre of young adult novels. What they reveal about adolescence in America. How to read and teach young adult literature.

EDUC 112X. Urban Education. 3-4 Units.

(Graduate students register for EDUC 212X or SOC 229X). Combination of social science and historical perspectives trace the major developments, contexts, tensions, challenges, and policy issues of urban education.
Same as: AFRICAAM 112, EDUC 212X, SOC 129X, SOC 229X.

EDUC 113X. Gender and Sexuality in Schools. 1-3 Units.

Issues at the intersection of queer theory and educational practice. Experiences, rights, and responsibilities of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, and questioning students and teachers as members of marginalized or majority cultures.

EDUC 114N. Growing Up Bilingual. 3 Units.

This course is a Freshman Introductory Seminar that has as its purpose introducing students to the sociolinguistic study of bilingualism by focusing on bilingual communities in this country and on bilingual individuals who use two languages in their everyday lives. Much attention is given to the history, significance, and consequences of language contact in the United States. The course focuses on the experiences of long-term US minority populations as well as that of recent immigrants.
Same as: CHILATST 14N, CSRE 14N.

EDUC 115N. How Do People Learn Math? What We Know from Research and the Problems that Persist in US Math Class. 3 Units.

What is going on in mathematics education in the United States? Why do so many people hate and fear math? What contributes to the high levels of innumeracy in the general population? Why do girls and women opt out of math when they get a chance? In this seminar we will consider seminal research on math learning in K-12 classrooms. We will also spend time investigating cases of teaching and learning, usually through watching video and considering other records of practice. We will consider what learning theories have to tell us about math learning, the nature of good teaching and the reasons for ongoing in equities in math learning and participation. This seminar is for those who are interested in education, and who would like to learn about ways to help students (and maybe yourselves?) learn and enjoy mathematics.

EDUC 115Q. Identities, Race, and Culture in Urban Schools. 3 Units.

Preference to sophomores. How urban youth come to a sense of themselves as students, members of cultural and racial groups, and young people in urban America. The nature and interaction of racial and academic identities: how identity takes shape; how it has been conceptualized. The relation between identities and learning. Urban schools as contexts for identity development. Theoretical perspectives include psychology, sociolinguistics, sociology, anthropology, and education. Students shadow a high-school student in a public school and write a case study.

EDUC 116N. Howard Zinn's 'A People's History' and the Quest for Historical Truth. 3 Units.

Howard Zinn's 'A People's History of the United States' has few peers among contemporary historical works. With more than two million copies in print, A People's History is more than a book. It is a cultural icon, a symbol of our time. "You wanna read a real history book," Matt Damon tells Robin Williams in Good Will Hunting, "read People's History of the US. That book'll knock you on your ass." Today, A People's History's original grey cover has been colorized in red, white, and blue for its Harper "Perennial Modern Classic" edition, and is now marketed with special displays in suburban megastores. You can buy A People's History T-shirts and tote-bags. Zinn's book was not the first but is certainly the defining example of a genre of historical writing known as revisionism, in which the cherished truths of a previous generation are turned on their head. In this seminar, we will use A People's History to probe the question of historical truth. How do we determine what was true in the past? Why and under what circumstances should we believe what historians say? Under what circumstances are we required to rethink our own interpretations about the past, even if doing so causes discomfort and upheaval? A People's History will be our point of departure, but our journey will visit a variety of historical trouble spots: debates about whether the US was founded as a Christian nation, Holocaust denial, and the "Birther" controversy of President Obama.

EDUC 116X. Service Learning as an Approach to Teaching. 3 Units.

History, theory, and practice. Topics include: responsive community partnerships, cultural awareness, the role of reflection, and best practices in service learning.

EDUC 117. Research and Policy on Postsecondary Access. 3 Units.

The transition from high school to college. K-16 course focusing on high school preparation, college choice, remediation, pathways to college, and first-year adjustment. The role of educational policy in postsecondary access. Service Learning Course (certified by Haas Center).
Same as: EDUC 417.

EDUC 120C. Education and Society. 4-5 Units.

The effects of schools and schooling on individuals, the stratification system, and society. Education as socializing individuals and as legitimizing social institutions. The social and individual factors affecting the expansion of schooling, individual educational attainment, and the organizational structure of schooling.
Same as: EDUC 220C, SOC 130, SOC 230.

EDUC 121X. Hip Hop, Youth Identities, and the Politics of Language. 3-4 Units.

Focus is on issues of language, identity, and globalization, with a focus on Hip Hop cultures and the verbal virtuosity within the Hip Hop nation. Beginning with the U.S., a broad, comparative perspective in exploring youth identities and the politics of language in what is now a global Hip Hop movement. Readings draw from the interdisciplinary literature on Hip Hop cultures with a focus on sociolinguistics and youth culture.
Same as: AFRICAAM 121X, AMSTUD 121X, ANTHRO 121A, CSRE 121X, LINGUIST 155.

EDUC 122X. From Local to Global: Collaborations for International Environmental Education. 2 Units.

A collaboration with three universities in Africa. Discourse and debate using Internet and mobile technology interactions. Topics include the global environment, climate change, sustainable development, and food security.
Same as: EARTHSYS 123.

EDUC 123X. Contexts that Promote Youth Development: Understandings of Effective Interventions. 2-4 Units.

How psychology, medicine, public health, sociology, education, and public policy define and promote youth development. How to build the resilience and competencies of youth through safe, supportive environments for building social, emotional, and intellectual skills. How to design settings that best promote youth development.

EDUC 124. Collaborative Design and Research of Technology-integrated Curriculum. 3-4 Units.

Design models for the development of educational materials through a studio-based, curriculum development project. Teams work with a teacher or non-school educator to design and test technology-integrated curricula. Focus is on the role that technologies can play in teaching and learning in school and out-of-school contexts. Open to all.

EDUC 126A. Introduction to Public Service Leadership. 1-2 Units.

Offered through the Haas Center for Public Service. A foundation and vision for a future of public service leadership. Students identify personal values and assess strengths as leaders. The ethics of public service and leadership theory.

EDUC 126B. Public Service Leadership Program Practicum. 1 Unitss.

This course is for students in the Public Service Leadership Program offered through the Haas Center for Public Service. Designed as a follow-up course to EDUC 126A: Introduction to Public Service Leadership, the PSLP Practicum provides an opportunity for PSLP students to reflect on their own leadership experiences and to learn from each other's leadership experiences while continuing to build a community of peer service leaders. The PSLP Practicum will meet every other week throughout the quarter.

EDUC 130. Introduction to Counseling. 3 Units.

The goal of counseling is to help others to create more satisfying lives for themselves. Clients learn to create and capitalize on unexpected events to open up new opportunities. The success of counseling is judged, not by the words and actions of the counselor, but by the progress that the client makes in the real world after counseling itself is ended. Students are encouraged to exert their full efforts within reasonable time limits to improve their competence.
Same as: PSYCH 148.

EDUC 131. Mediation for Dispute Resolution. 3 Units.

Mediation as more effective and less expensive than other forms of settling disputes such as violence, lawsuits, or arbitration. How mediation can be structured to maximize the chances for success. Simulated mediation sessions.
Same as: PSYCH 152.

EDUC 132N. Religion, Music and Identity. 3 Units.

Music is one of the most powerful artistic media in American culture. From coffee shops to shopping malls, it plays a crucial role in creating both common experiences and individual conceptions of self. Yet, music also has this powerful ability to seemingly transcend particular people, moments, or places. What is it about music that can so strongly anchor us to our own experiences, and paradoxically shake us loose from our mornings and wake us from our everyday lives? Lots of people have stories about music that evidences both of these tendencies. But nowhere else are these two, seemingly opposing qualities on display than in the music of religious communities. Whether we are talking about Gregorian chant, contemporary Christian worship music, Jewish cantillation of Sufi qawwali, music and musical style play a central role in the experience of ritual and in shaping how people understand themselves in relation to it. But what is it about music that fuels that experience? Does music have to be "religious" to do that kind of cultural work? Can you have a "religious" experience in a "secular" setting? The answer might depend on your relationship to the music you are hearing or playing. In this seminar, we are going to explore these questions by attending first and foremost to the sounds of religious life. We are going to begin by listening, and expand our understandings through readings and ethnographic fieldwork. Each of these modes of exploration will provide us with greater insight into the role that music plays in shaping religious experience and, in turn, how people understand themselves in relationship to both religion and music.

EDUC 133N. The Role of Language in Education and Society. 3 Units.

The goal of this course is to explore the various issues affecting educational policy and classroom practice in multilingual, multicultural settings. In this class we will examine US and international cases to illustrate more general concerns relating to learners' bilingual/multilingual development in formal educational settings. We begin at the macro level, looking at policy contexts and program structures, and move to the micro level to consider teaching and learning in the multilingual classroom. Throughout, we consider how discourses and identities are interwoven in multilingual education policy and practice. We will also consider the role of communities in implementing change in schools.

EDUC 134. Career and Personal Counseling. 3 Units.

Theories and methods for helping people create more satisfying lives for themselves. Simulated counseling experiences.
Same as: EDUC 234, PSYCH 192.

EDUC 136. World, Societal, and Educational Change: Comparative Perspectives. 4-5 Units.

Theoretical perspectives and empirical studies on the structural and cultural sources of educational expansion and differentiation, and on the cultural and structural consequences of educational institutionalization. Research topics: education and nation building; education, mobility, and equality; education, international organizations, and world culture.
Same as: EDUC 306D, SOC 231.

EDUC 139X. Educating Young STEM Thinkers. 3-5 Units.

The course will introduce students to the design thinking process, the national conversations about the future of STEM careers, and provide opportunities to work with middle school students and K-12 teachers in STEM-based after-school activities and intercession camps. The course will be both theory and practice focused. The purpose is twofold; to provide reflection and mentoring opportunities for students to learn about pathways to STEM careers and to introduce mentoring opportunities with young STEM thinkers.
Same as: EDUC 239X, ME 139.

EDUC 140. Honors Research. 1-5 Units.

Provides opportunity for research in pursuit of senior honors theses.

EDUC 143. Boys' Psychosocial Development. 3 Units.

From early childhood through adolescence. Emphasis is on how boys' lives and experiences are embedded within their interpersonal relationships and social and cultural contexts. Interdisciplinary approach including perspectives from fields such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, family studies, and education. Prerequisite: Human Biology core, or Developmental Psychology , or consent of instructor.
Same as: HUMBIO 144.

EDUC 146X. Perspectives on the Education of Linguistic Minorities. 3-4 Units.

Social, political, linguistic, and pedagogical issues associated with educating students who do not speak the language or language variety of the majority society. Focus is on the U.S.; attention to minorities elsewhere. American attitudes toward linguistic and racial minorities. Educational problems of linguistically different children and non-English- or limited-English-speaking children. Approaches to solving problems.

EDUC 147X. Human-Computer Interaction in Education. 3 Units.

Required for students in the Learning Design and Technology Master's Program. Concepts underlying the design of human-computer interaction including usability and affordances, direct manipulation, systematic design methods, user conceptual models and interface metaphors, design languages and genres, human cognitive and physical ergonomics, information and interactivity structures, design tools, and environments. Studio/discussion component applies these principles to the design of interactive technology for teaching and learning.

EDUC 148X. Critical Perspectives on Teaching and Tutoring English Language Learners. 3 Units.

Theoretical foundation for volunteer tutors of English language learners in urban environments working with children in school-based programs or adults in community-based settings.

EDUC 149. Theory and Issues in the Study of Bilingualism. 3-5 Units.

Sociolinguistic perspective. Emphasis is on typologies of bilingualism, the acquisition of bilingual ability, description and measurement, and the nature of societal bilingualism. Prepares students to work with bilingual students and their families and to carry out research in bilingual settings.
Same as: EDUC 249.

EDUC 165. History of Higher Education in the U.S.. 3-5 Units.

Major periods of evolution, particularly since the mid-19th century. Premise: insights into contemporary higher education can be obtained through its antecedents, particularly regarding issues of governance, mission, access, curriculum, and the changing organization of colleges and universities.
Same as: AMSTUD 165, EDUC 265, HISTORY 158C.

EDUC 170X. Preparation for Independent Public Service Projects. 2 Units.

Open only to recipients of the Haas Summer Fellowship, which offers students the opportunity to initiate and carry out an innovative service project in collaboration with a community partner. Goal is to expand upon the work fellows did during the application process with respect to the feasibility and sustainability of their field projects.

EDUC 171. Early Childhood Education Practicum. 2-4 Units.

Year-long seminar; restricted to students who participate in JumpStart, a service learning program. Training for activities in preschool classrooms. Background on issues related to: young children's cognitive, language. and social development; classroom management; literacy; math; science teaching; cultural diversity; and early childhood education programs. May be repeataed for credit.

EDUC 173. Gender and Higher Education: National and International Perspectives. 4 Units.

This course examines the ways in which higher education structures and policies affect females, males, and students in relation to each other and how changes in those structures and policies improve experiences for females and males similarly or differently. Students are expected to gain an understanding of theories and perspectives from the social sciences relevant to an understanding of the role of higher education in relation to structures of gender differentiation and hierarchy. Topics include undergraduate and graduate education; identity and sexuality; gender and science; gender and faculty; and the development of feminist scholarship and pedagogy. Attention is paid to how these issues are experienced by women and men in the United States, including people of color, and by academics throughout the world, and how these have changed over time.
Same as: EDUC 273, SOC 173, SOC 273.

EDUC 176X. The Design of Technologies for Casual Learning - Lab. 1 Unitss.

Lab. Studio-based, participatory, and user-centered development of casual learning technologies is explored, using the Apple iPhone as a prototype platform. The term "casual" is borrowed from casual gaming to denote that the learning technologies are meant for learners to use in "extreme informal" learning circumstances (while "on the go", "any time and any place"). The class builds on learning about and synthesizing knowledge, theory and development activity in four areas including learning theories, mobile technologies, games and participatory design processes.

EDUC 178X. Latino Families, Languages, and Schools. 3-5 Units.

The challenges facing schools to establish school-family partnerships with newly arrived Latino immigrant parents. How language acts as a barrier to home-school communication and parent participation. Current models of parent-school collaboration and the ideology of parental involvement in schooling.

EDUC 179. Urban Youth and Their Institutions: Research and Practice. 4-5 Units.

The determinants and consequences of urban life for youth, emphasizing disciplinary and methodological approaches, and the gap between the perspectives of state and local organizations and those of youth and their communities. The diversity of urban youth experiences with respect to ethnicity, gender, and immigration histories. Case studies illustrate civic-level and grassroots institutions, their structures, networks, and philosophies; historical and contemporary realities of urban youth for policy makers, educators, and researchers. Limited enrollment. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Same as: EDUC 279.

EDUC 179B. Youth Empowerment and Civic Engagement. 2-4 Units.

Focus is on youth development policies and practices: what makes them effective, and how they operate in broader institutional contexts. Research-based information; conceptual underpinnings; best learning from experience; and the perspective of expert youth workers, policymakers, and youth about what works.
Same as: EDUC 279B.

EDUC 180. Directed Reading in Education. 1-15 Units.

For undergraduates and master's degree students. (All Areas).

EDUC 180S. Pre-field Course for Alternative Spring Break. 1 Unitss.

Limited to students participating in the Alternative Spring Break program. See https://asb.stanford.edu for more inform.

EDUC 181. Multicultural Issues in Higher Education. 4 Units.

The primary social, educational, and political issues that have surfaced in American higher education due to the rapid demographic changes occurring since the early 80s. Research efforts and the policy debates include multicultural communities, the campus racial climate, and student development; affirmative action in college admissions; multiculturalism and the curriculum; and multiculturalism and scholarship.
Same as: EDUC 381.

EDUC 185. Master's Thesis. 1-15 Units.

(all areas).

EDUC 187X. Math Mentoring: Working in the Zone with Learners. 1-2 Units.

The course focuses on how the tutorial relationship can help students learn mathematics. The course will provide background theory and knowledge as well as provide practical approaches to tutoring, supports for targeting activities to students¿ needs, selection of materials and activities, and ways to assess the progress of the students and reflect on your own experience. Topics will include social theories of learning, teaching for understanding, and challenges of students who are English language learners. In addition to attending 4, two-hour workshop classes, 1 hour of tutoring is required each week. The course will meet 4 times during the quarter for workshops and discussions following Friday tutoring sessions. Students will submit assignments on the Coursework site on weeks that the course does not meet. A 1 unit section of the course will run in Winter and Spring quarters.
Same as: EDUC 397X.

EDUC 189X. Language and Minority Rights. 3 Units.

Language as it is implicated in migration and globalization. The effects of globalization processes on languages, the complexity of language use in migrant and indigenous minority contexts, the connectedness of today's societies brought about by the development of communication technologies. Individual and societal multilingualism; preservation and revival of endangered languages.
Same as: CHILATST 189W, CSRE 189W.

EDUC 190. Directed Research in Education. 1-15 Units.

For undergraduates and master's students. May be repeated for credit. (all areas).

EDUC 191X. Introduction to Survey Research. 3-4 Units.

Planning tasks, including problem formulation, study design, questionnaire and interview design, pretesting, sampling, interviewer training, and field management. Epistemological and ethical perspectives. Issues of design, refinement, and ethics in research that crosses boundaries of nationality, class, gender, language, and ethnicity.
Same as: EDUC 291X.

EDUC 192X. Interpersonal Learning & Leadership: An Introduction to the RA Role. 2 Units.

Preparing students for roles as Resident and Community Assistants, "Intelligent Leadership" explores research on college student development, leadership and the complex dynamics of our changing society both within and outside the college environment. Participants will engage in course work that builds skills relevant to their positions and allow students to implement these skills in a real world environment. Through reflection, self-examination and engagement in interpersonal dynamics and analysis, students will examine how their peer group develops while at the university.

EDUC 193A. Listen Up! Core Peer Counseling Skills. 2 Units.

Topics: verbal and non-verbal skills, open and closed questions, paraphrasing, working with feelings, summarization, and integration. Individual training, group exercises, role play practice with optional video feedback. Sections on relevance to crisis counseling and student life. Guest speakers from University and community agencies. Students develop and apply skills in University settings.

EDUC 193B. Peer Counseling in the Chicano/Latino Community. 1 Unitss.

Topics: verbal and non-verbal attending and communication skills, open and closed questions, working with feelings, summarization, and integration. Salient counseling issues including Spanish-English code switching in communication, the role of ethnic identity in self-understanding, the relationship of culture to personal development, and Chicana/o student experience in University settings. Individual training, group exercises, role play, and videotape practice.

EDUC 193C. Psychological Well-Being On Campus: Perspectives Of The Black Diaspora. 1 Unitss.

Topics: the concept of culture, Black cultural attributes and their effect on reactions to counseling, verbal and non-verbal attending, open and closed questions, working with feelings, summarization, and integration. Reading assignments, guest speakers, role play, and videotaped practice. Students develop and apply skills in the Black community on campus or in other settings that the student chooses.

EDUC 193F. Psychological Well-Being on Campus: Asian American Perspectives. 1 Unitss.

Topics: the Asian family structure, and concepts of identity, ethnicity, culture, and racism in terms of their impact on individual development and the counseling process. Emphasis is on empathic understanding of Asians in America. Group exercises.

EDUC 193G. Psychological Well-Being on Campus: A Focus on Gender and Sexual Identities. 1 Unitss.

This course examines mental health and psychological well-being across the spectrum of gender and sexual identities. It addresses the unique challenges that face LGBTQ-identified students, and provides tools for supporting peers as they navigate these challenges. Discussion topics include current conceptualizations of gender identity and sexual orientation, including sexual and gender fluidity; the intersection of queer identities with multiple identities such as ethnic/racial identify and faith/spirituality; unpacking stereotypes; queer relationships and sexuality, coming out and disclosure, and mental health issues.

EDUC 193N. Peer Counseling in the Native American Community. 1 Unitss.

Verbal and non-verbal communication, strategic use of questions, methods of dealing with strong feelings, and conflict resolution. How elements of counseling apply to Native Americans including client, counselor, and situational variables in counseling, non-verbal communication, the role of ethnic identity in self-understanding, the relationship of culture to personal development, the impact of family on personal development, gender roles, and the experience of Native American students in university settings. Individual skill development, group exercises, and role practice.

EDUC 193P. Peer Counseling at the Bridge. 1 Unitss.

Mental health issues such as relationships, substance abuse, sexual assault, depression, eating disorders, academic stressors, suicide, and grief and bereavement. Guest speakers.

EDUC 193S. Peer Counseling on Comprehensive Sexual Health. 1 Unitss.

Information on sexually transmitted infections and diseases, and birth control methods. Topics related to sexual health such as communication, societal attitudes and pressures, pregnancy, abortion, and the range of sexual expression. Role-play and peer-education outreach projects. Required for those wishing to counsel at the Sexual Health Peer Resource Center (SHPRC).

EDUC 196X. The Design of Technologies for Casual Learning. 3 Units.

Studio-based, participatory, and user-centered development of casual learning technologies is explored, using the Apple iPhone as a prototype platform. The term "casual" is borrowed from casual gaming to denote that the learning technologies are meant for learners to use in "extreme informal" learning circumstances (while "on the go", "any time and any place"). The class builds on learning about and synthesizing knowledge, theory and development activity in four areas including learning theories, mobile technologies, games and participatory design processes.
Same as: EDUC 396X.

EDUC 197. Education, Gender, and Development. 4 Units.

Theories and perspectives from the social sciences relevant to the role of education in changing, modifying, or reproducing structures of gender differentiation and hierarchy. Cross-national research on the status of girls and women and the role of development organizations and processes.
Same as: SOC 134.

EDUC 199A. Undergraduate Honors Seminar. 3 Units.

Required of juniors and seniors in the honors program in the School of Education. Student involvement and apprenticeships in educational research. Participants share ongoing work on their honors thesis. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit once.

EDUC 199B. Undergraduate Honors Seminar. 1 Unitss.

Required of juniors and seniors in the honors program in the School of Education. Student involvement and apprenticeships in educational research. Participants share ongoing work on their honors thesis. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit once.

EDUC 199C. Undergraduate Honors Seminar. 1 Unitss.

Required of juniors and seniors in the honors program in the School of Education. Student involvement and apprenticeships in educational research. Participants share ongoing work on their honors thesis. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit once.

EDUC 200A. Introduction to Data Analysis and Interpretation. 4 Units.

Primarily for master's students in the School of Education. Focus is on reading literature and interpreting descriptive and inferential statistics, especially those commonly found in education. Topics: basic research design, instrument reliability and validity, description statistics, correlation, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and simple and multiple regression.

EDUC 200B. Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods. 4 Units.

(Formerly EDUC 151.) Primarily for master's students: An introduction to the core concepts and methods of qualitative research. Through a variety of hands-on learning activities, readings, field experiences, class lectures, and discussions, students will explore the processes and products of qualitative inquiry.

EDUC 200C. Introduction to Statistical Methods in Education. 3-4 Units.

(Formerly EDUC 160.) Basic techniques in descriptive and inferential statistics for educational research will be covered with an emphasis on rigorous preparation for intermediate and advanced courses. Topics include central tendency, variance, probability, distributions, confidence interval, t-test, F-test, correlation, regression, and analysis of variance. Non-parametric statistics and graphical principles for data representation will also be addressed. Students will also be introduced to STATA in preparation for subsequent higher level courses.

EDUC 201. History of Education in the United States. 3-5 Units.

How education came to its current forms and functions, from the colonial experience to the present. Focus is on the 19th-century invention of the common school system, 20th-century emergence of progressive education reform, and the developments since WW II. The role of gender and race, the development of the high school and university, and school organization, curriculum, and teaching.
Same as: AMSTUD 201, HISTORY 158B.

EDUC 202. Introduction to Comparative and International Education. 4-5 Units.

Contemporary theoretical debates about educational change and development, and the international dimension of issues in education. Emphasis is on the development of students' abilities to make cross-national and historical comparisons of educational phenomena.

EDUC 203. The Anthropology of Education. 3-5 Units.

Learning across situations, organizations, institutions, and cultures. How and when people learn and where, with whom and for what and how answers to these questions change across the lifespan. Schools in relation to other settings in which learning takes place for children, adolescents, and adults. Apprenticeship, mentorship, and learning through observation and imitation.

EDUC 203A. Tutoring: Seeing a Child through Literacy. 4 Units.

Experience tutoring grade school readers in a low income community near Stanford under supervision. Training in tutoring; the role of instruction in developing literacy; challenges facing low income students and those whose first language is not English. How to see school and print through the eyes of a child. Ravenswood Reads tutors encouraged to enroll. Service Learning Course (certified by Haas Center).
Same as: EDUC 103A.

EDUC 204. Introduction to Philosophy of Education. 3 Units.

How to think philosophically about educational problems. Recent influential scholarship in philosophy of education. No previous study in philosophy required.
Same as: PHIL 231.

EDUC 205X. The Impact of Social and Behavioral Science Research on Educational Issues. 3 Units.

Ways in which research intersects with educational policy and practice. Emphasis is on behavioral, social, and cognitive traditions. Topics include early childhood education, early reading, science education, bilingual education, school desegregation, class size reduction, classroom organization, violence and juvenile crime, and affirmative action in higher education. Policy debates and how research informs or fails to inform deliberations and decisions in these areas.

EDUC 206A. Applied Research Methods in International and Comparative Education I: Introduction. 1 Unitss.

Required for M.A. students in ICE and IEAPA. Orientation to the M.A. program and research project; exploration of resources for study and research.

EDUC 206B. Applied Research Methods in International and Comparative Education II: Master's Paper Proposal. 1-3 Units.

Required for M.A. students in ICE and IEAPA. Development of research skills through theoretical and methodological issues in comparative and international education. Preparation of a research proposal for the M.A. monograph.

EDUC 206C. Applied Research Methods in ICE III: Data Collection and Analysis. 1 Unitss.

Required for M.A. students in ICE and IEAPA. Practice in data collection and analysis. Preparation of the first draft of the M.A. monograph.

EDUC 206D. Applied Research Methods in International and Comparative Education IV: Master's Paper Workshop. 3 Units.

Conclusion of the M.A. program in ICE and IEAPA; required of M.A. students. Reviews of students' research in preparation for their master's monograph.

EDUC 207X. School: What Is It Good For?. 3-4 Units.

Focus is on authors who establish claims that the purposes, functions, impacts, and social roles of schooling promote human capital, citizenship, social reproduction, values transmission, social mobility, class equality, racial equality, social stratification, disciplinary power, and the pursuit of individual interests. Historical and sociological approaches.
Same as: HISTORY 258D.

EDUC 208B. Curriculum Construction. 3-4 Units.

The theories and methods of curriculum development and improvement. Topics: curriculum ideologies, perspectives on design, strategies for diverse learners, and the politics of curriculum construction and implementation. Students develop curriculum plans for use in real settings. Service Learning Course (certified by Haas Center).

EDUC 209A. Policy, Organization, and Leadership Studies Seminar. 1 Unitss.

This is a required course for all POLS students. The goals of the POLS Seminar (EDUC 209ABC) are to assist students in making the most of their Stanford graduate experience across several dimensions (academic, professional, and social). EDUC 209A is focused on orienting students to the academic and extra-curricular aspects of the experience as quickly as possible, while helping them coalesce as a group and learn how to leverage each other's professional knowledge. Another goals is to help student define their graduate degree goals, so they can plan their year in a very intentional manner that will result in a project or experiences they can highlight during the required Spring quarter POLS Project Forum.

EDUC 209B. Policy, Organization, and Leadership Studies Seminar. 1 Unitss.

This is a required course for all POLS students. The goals of the POLS Seminar (EDUC 209ABC) are to assist students in making the most of their Stanford graduate experience across several dimensions (academic, professional, and social). EDUC 209B focuses on building career skills and exposing students to a range of education research, policy, and practice and begins helping students conceptualize and frame their Spring POLS Project.

EDUC 209C. Policy, Organization, and Leadership Studies Seminar. 1 Unitss.

This is a required course for POLS students. The goals of the POLS Seminar (EDUC 209ABC) are to assist students in making the most of their Stanford graduate experience across several dimensions (academic, professional, and social). EDUC 209C focuses on developing the POLS Project for the Spring Forum while continuing to develop career skills and expose students to a range of education research, policy, and practice.

EDUC 210X. Policy, Organization, and Leadership Studies Internship Workshop. 1-3 Units.

Forum for POLS students to link their academic learning to real world experience through in-class discussions, presentations, and reflective writing. Fall Quarter is focused on understanding the intern's role within the larger organization. Winter Quarter is outward looking with a focus on understanding the broader fields the students' organizations reside within. Spring Quarter focus is on students learning from and being prepared to teach others.

EDUC 211X. Beyond Bits and Atoms - Lab. 1-3 Units.

This course is a hands-on lab in the prototyping and fabrication of tangible technologies, with a special focus in learning and education. We will learn how to use state-of-the-art fabrication machines (3D printers, 3D scanners, laser cutters, routers) to design educational toolkits, educational toys, science kits, and tangible user interfaces. A special focus of the course will be to design low-cost technologies, particularly for urban school in the US and abroad.
Same as: CS 402L.

EDUC 212X. Urban Education. 3-4 Units.

(Graduate students register for EDUC 212X or SOC 229X). Combination of social science and historical perspectives trace the major developments, contexts, tensions, challenges, and policy issues of urban education.
Same as: AFRICAAM 112, EDUC 112X, SOC 129X, SOC 229X.

EDUC 213X. Introduction to Teaching. 3-4 Units.

Key concepts in teaching and learning. Student prior knowledge and preconceptions; facts, concepts, and the organization of knowledge; active learning; behavior and cognition; constructing knowledge; metacognition; motivation and affect; transfer; goals and objectives; zone of proximal development; input; organizing learning; modeling; feedback; practice; individual and group differences among students; and pedagogical content knowledge.

EDUC 214X. Social Entrepreneurship. 4 Units.

(Same as STRAMGT 369.) The efforts of private citizens to create effective responses to social needs and innovative solutions to social problems. New opportunities for applying business skills in the social sector. Concepts, practices, and challenges of social entrepreneurship in the U.S. and around the world. Frameworks and tools to be more effective in socially entrepreneurial.

EDUC 215X. International Human Rights and Education. 4-5 Units.

Theory and practice. Focus is on how education may be seen as a human rights issue and a tool to educate citizens about their human rights. The history of human rights and the spread of the international human rights regime in terms of organizations and treaties. Issues include street and working children, language rights, and women¿s right to education.

EDUC 216X. Education, Race, and Inequality in African American History, 1880-1990. 3-5 Units.

Seminar. The relationship among race, power, inequality, and education from the 1880s to the 1990s. How schools have constructed race, the politics of school desegregation, and ties between education and the late 20th-century urban crisis.
Same as: CSRE 216X, HISTORY 255E.

EDUC 217. Philosophical and Methodological Issues in Educational Research. 3 Units.

The role causation in educational phenomena, and how to determine causal factors. Is educational research based on a positivistic paradigm? Randomized controlled experimental designs. Criteria for judging the rigor of qualitative modes of inquiry. Do Popperian or Deweyan approaches hold the key to resolving contentious issues? Does a postpositivist perspective hold promise?.

EDUC 218. Topics in Cognition and Learning: Induction, Proof, Discovery, and Statistics. 3 Units.

This year, the topics course will consider how children, adults, and scientists induce pattern across multiple instances. The problem of induction has deep philosophical roots, because there is no guaranteed method of success. It also has implications for instruction; for example, what instances best help students discover important structure, and what psychological and pedagogical processes improve inductive learning? A unique feature of this course is that issues of human learning will be taught in concert with formal statistics, which scientists have developed to aid induction. The course will use an inductive (discovery) approach to learning statistical methods including analysis of variance, correlation, regression, and chi-square. In sum, the course will introduce the philosophy of inductive inference, its psychological process, the instructional applications of inductive learning, and students will learn statistics inductively. No prerequisites. Students who have taken the relevant statistics courses should also benefit from ¿re-learning¿ statistics inductively.

EDUC 219E. The Creative Arts in Elementary Classrooms. 1 Unitss.

For STEP Elementary only or for candidates in the Multiple Subjects program. Hands-on exploration of visual arts media and works of art.

EDUC 220A. Introduction to the Economics of Education. 4 Units.

The relationship between education and economic analysis. Topics: labor markets for teachers, the economics of child care, the effects of education on earnings and employment, the effects of education on economic growth and distribution of income, and the financing of education. Students who lack training in microeconomics, register for 220Y for 1 additional unit of credit.

EDUC 220B. Introduction to the Politics of Education. 4 Units.

(Same as GSBGEN 349.) The relationships between political analysis and policy formulation in education; focus is on alternative models of the political process, the nature of interest groups, political strategies, community power, the external environment of organizations, and the implementations of policy. Applications to policy analysis, implementation, and politics of reform. (APA).

EDUC 220C. Education and Society. 4-5 Units.

The effects of schools and schooling on individuals, the stratification system, and society. Education as socializing individuals and as legitimizing social institutions. The social and individual factors affecting the expansion of schooling, individual educational attainment, and the organizational structure of schooling.
Same as: EDUC 120C, SOC 130, SOC 230.

EDUC 220D. History of School Reform: Origins, Policies, Outcomes, and Explanations. 3-5 Units.

Required for students in the POLS M.A. program; others welcome. Focus is on 20th-century U.S. Intended and unintended patterns in school change; the paradox of reform that schools are often reforming but never seem to change much; rhetorics of reform and factors that inhibit change. Case studies emphasize the American high school.
Same as: HISTORY 258E.

EDUC 220Y. Introduction to the Economics of Education: Economics Section. 1-2 Units.

For those taking 220A who have not had microeconomics before or who need a refresher. Corequisite: 220A.

EDUC 221A. Policy Analysis in Education. 4-5 Units.

Major concepts associated with the development, enactment, and execution of educational policy. Issues of policy implementation, agenda setting and problem formulation, politics, and intergovernmental relations. Case studies. Goal is to identify factors that affect how analysts and policy makers learn about and influence education. Limited enrollment. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

EDUC 222. Resource Allocation in Education. 4-5 Units.

Problems of optimization and design, and evaluation of decision experience. Marginal analysis, educational production functions, cost effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis, constrained maximization, program evaluation. Introduction to linear models for large-scale data analysis. Implications to model assumptions.

EDUC 223. Good Districts and Good Schools: Research, Policy, and Practice. 3-4 Units.

Recent studies of districts and schools that exceed expectations in producing desired results for students. Research methodologies, findings of studies, theories of change in reforming schools and districts and efforts to implement results. Components of good schools and districts. Required project studies a school or district to determine goodness. (SSPEP/APA, CTE).

EDUC 224. Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation. 2-4 Units.

(Same as STRAMGT 367). This course examines individuals and organizations that use entrepreneurial skills and approaches to develop innovative responses to social problems. Entrepreneurship has traditionally been seen as a way of creating wealth for the entrepreneur and for those who back her/his work. Social entrepreneurs employ "entrepreneurial skills," such as finding opportunities, inventing new approaches, securing and focusing resources and managing risk, in the service of creating a social value. As the intensity and complexity of social and environmental problems has grown in recent years social entrepreneurship, defined as innovative, social value creating activity that can occur within or across the nonprofit, government or business sectors, has become increasingly prominent. While virtually all enterprises, commercial and social, generate social value, fundamental to this definition is that the primary focus of social entrepreneurship is to achieve social impact above all else. We will study some of the most promising and the best-proven innovations for improving people's lives. We will also examine mature projects that are now tackling the issue of "scale", moving from local innovations to solutions that create deep systemic changes for larger numbers of economically disadvantaged individuals and communities throughout the world. This year we will focus on what are the constraints and opportunities for creating a social enterprise at scale. The process of "scale" poses tremendous challenges. Even when organizations manage to overcome the many obstacles to growth, and achieve appreciable scale, this approach is seldom sufficient to achieve significant social impact on its own. This year our course will pay particular attention to network approaches which require the mobilization of a vast array of actors and resources, but have the potential to generate rapid and sustained social impact.

EDUC 224A. Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation. 4 Units.

(Same as STRAMGT 367). This course examines individuals and organizations that use entrepreneurial skills and approaches to develop innovative responses to social problems. Entrepreneurship has traditionally been seen as a way of creating wealth for the entrepreneur and for those who back her/his work. Social entrepreneurs employ "entrepreneurial skills", such as finding opportunities, inventing new approaches, securing and focusing resources and managing risk, in the service of creating a social value. As the intensity and complexity of social and environmental problems has grown in recent years social entrepreneurship, defined as innovative, social value creating activity that can occur within or across the nonprofit, government, or business sectors, has become increasingly prominent. While virtually all enterprises, commercial and social, generate social value, fundamental to this definition is that the primary focus of social entrepreneurship is to achieve social impact above all else. We will study some of the most promising and the best-proven innovations for improving people's lives. We will also examine mature projects that are now tackling the issue of "scale", moving from local innovations to solutions that create deep systemic changes for larger numbers of economically disadvantaged individuals and communities throughout the world. This year we will focus on what are the constraints and opportunities for creating a social enterprise at scale. The process of "scale" poses tremendous challenges. Even when organizations manage to overcome the many obstacles to growth, and achieve appreciable scale, this approach is seldom sufficient to achieve significant social impact on its own. This year our course will pay particular attention to network approaches which require the mobilization of a vast array of actors and resources, but have the potential to generate rapid and sustained social impact.

EDUC 224B. Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation. 2 Units.

(Same as STRAMGT 367). This course examines individuals and organizations that use entrepreneurial skills and approaches to develop innovative responses to social problems. Entrepreneurship has traditionally been seen as a way of creating wealth for the entrepreneur and for those who back her/his work. Social entrepreneurs employ "entrepreneurial skills", such as finding opportunities, inventing new approaches, securing and focusing resources and managing risk, in the service of creating a social value. As the intensity and complexity of social and environmental problems has grown in recent years social entrepreneurship, defined as innovative, social value creating activity that can occur within or across the nonprofit, government or business sectors, has become increasingly prominent. While virtually all enterprises, commercial and social, generate social value, fundamental to this definition is that the primary focus of social entrepreneurship is to achieve social impact above all else. We will study some of the most promising and the best-proven innovations for improving people's lives. We will also examine mature projects that are now tackling the issue of "scale", moving from local innovations to solutions that create deep systemic changes for larger numbers of economically disadvantaged individuals and communities throughout the world. This year we will focus on what are the constraints and opportunities for creating a social enterprise at scale. The process of "scale" poses tremendous challenges. Even when organizations manage to overcome the many obstacles to growth, and achieve appreciable scale, this approach is seldom sufficient to achieve significant social impact on its own. This year our course will pay particular attention to network approaches which require the mobilization of a vast array of actors and resources, but have the potential to generate rapid and sustained social impact.

EDUC 225X. Business Skills and Concepts for the Non-Business Student. 3-4 Units.

For non-business students. Knowledge and tools for operating effectively in an organizational management capacity. Focus is on concepts developed for use in the business world in the areas of strategy, organizational behavior, financial accounting, and marketing. Case studies, podcasts, video, guest speakers, and team-based projects.

EDUC 226X. Empirical Analysis of Education Governance. 3 Units.

Emphasis is on strategies for empirical evaluation. Topics include: school board, superintendent, and principal decision making; the state role in education policy and budgeting; the impact of teacher unionization; and the growing influence of private foundations and parent associations. Students participate in an original data collection effort for an ongoing research project.

EDUC 228E. Becoming Literate in School I. 2 Units.

First in a three course sequence. Introduction to reading and language arts theory and methodology for candidates STEP Elementary Teacher program. Instructional methods, formats, and materials.

EDUC 228F. Becoming Literate in School II. 2 Units.

Second in a three-course required sequence of reading and language arts theory and methodology for candidates in the STEP Elementary program. Theories for guiding instruction and curricular choices.

EDUC 228G. Becoming Literate in School III. 2 Units.

Third in a three-course required sequence of reading and language arts theory and methodology for candidates in STEP Elementary Teacher program. Theories for guiding instruction and curricular choices.

EDUC 228H. Literacy, History, and Social Science. 1 Unitss.

How elementary school teachers can teach history and social science within a literacy framework. Topics include: historical thinking, reading, and writing; current research; applying nonfiction reading and writing strategies to historical texts; using primary sources with elementary students; adapting instruction to meet student needs; state standards; evaluating curriculum; assessing student knowledge; developing history and social science units; and embedding history and social science into the general literacy curriculum.

EDUC 229A. Learning Design and Technology Seminar. 1 Unitss.

Four-quarter required seminar for the LDT master's program. Discussions and activities related to designing for learning with technology. Support for internships and Master's project. Theoretical and practical perspectives, hands-on development, and collaborative efforts. (LDT).

EDUC 229B. Learning Design and Technology Seminar. 1 Unitss.

Four-quarter required seminar for the LDT master's program. Discussions and activities related to designing for learning with technology. Support for internships and Master's project. Theoretical and practical perspectives, hands-on development, and collaborative efforts. (LDT).

EDUC 229C. Learning Design and Technology Seminar. 1 Unitss.

Four-quarter required seminar for the LDT master's program. Discussions and activities related to designing for learning with technology. Support for internships and Master's project. Theoretical and practical perspectives, hands-on development, and collaborative efforts. (LDT).

EDUC 229D. Learning Design and Technology Seminar. 2-5 Units.

Four-quarter required seminar for the LDT master's program. Discussions and activities related to designing for learning with technology. Support for internships and Master's project. Theoretical and practical perspectives, hands-on development, and collaborative efforts. (LDT).

EDUC 230X. Social Enterprise. 4 Units.

(Same as STRAMGT 341.) Approaches for creating social value through a social enterprises including nonprofits, for-profits, and hybrid forms of organization. Perspectives include entrepreneur, CEO, funder, and board member. Topics include undertaking the social entrepreneurship process; mobilizing economic and human resources; achieving social objectives with commercial vehicles; crafting alliances; managing growth; measuring and managing performance; governing for excellence. Case studies. Student teams carry out field-based research in a significant strategic or operational issue of a social enterprise.

EDUC 231X. Knowing God: Learning Religion in Popular Culture. 4 Units.

This course will examine how people learn religion outside of school, and in conversation with popular cultural texts and practices. Taking a broad social-constructivist approach to the variety of ways people learn, this course will explore how people assemble ideas about faith, identity, community, and practice, and how those ideas inform individual, communal and global notions of religion. Much of this work takes place in formal educational environments including missionary and parochial schools, Muslim madrasas or Jewish yeshivot. However, even more takes place outside of school, as people develop skills and strategies in conversation with broader social trends. This course takes an interdisciplinary approach to questions that lie at the intersection of religion, popular culture, and education.
Same as: JEWISHST 291X, RELIGST 231X.

EDUC 233A. Counseling Theories and Interventions from a Multicultural Perspective. 3-5 Units.

In an era of globalization characterized by widespread migration and cultural contacts, professionals face a unique challenge: How does one practice successfully when working with clients/students from so many different backgrounds? This course focuses upon the need to examine, conceptualize, and work with individuals according to the multiple ways in which they identify themselves. It will systematically examine multicultural counseling concepts, issues, and research. Literature on counselor and client characteristics such as social status or race/ethnicity and their effects on the counseling process and outcome will be reviewed. Issues in consultation with culturally and linguistically diverse parents and students and work with migrant children and their families are but a few of the topics covered in this course.
Same as: AFRICAAM 233A, CSRE 233A.

EDUC 233B. Adolescent Development and Mentoring in the Urban Context. 3 Units.

Continution of 233A. Topics include: developmental psychology and service learning; collaborating with the community;psychological research on altruism and prosocial behavior; volunteers' motivations; attributions about poverty, and the problem of prejudice.

EDUC 234. Career and Personal Counseling. 3 Units.

Theories and methods for helping people create more satisfying lives for themselves. Simulated counseling experiences.
Same as: EDUC 134, PSYCH 192.

EDUC 235X. The Creative Arts in Schools and Classrooms. 2 Units.

Students work alongside teachers and performing artists to plan and implement classroom activities with elementary school children to prepare them for a Lively Arts performance. Background theory in education and arts education. Students develop a follow-up classroom activity for children in their own art form.

EDUC 236X. Beyond Bits and Atoms: Designing Technological Tools. 3-5 Units.

Practicum in designing and building technology-enabled curricula and learning environments. Students use software toolkits and state-of-the-art fabrication machines to design educational software, educational toolkits, and tangible user interfaces. How to design low-cost technologies, particularly for urban school in the US and abroad. The constructionist learning design perspective, critical pedagogy, and the application of complexity sciences in education.
Same as: CS 402.

EDUC 239X. Educating Young STEM Thinkers. 3-5 Units.

The course will introduce students to the design thinking process, the national conversations about the future of STEM careers, and provide opportunities to work with middle school students and K-12 teachers in STEM-based after-school activities and intercession camps. The course will be both theory and practice focused. The purpose is twofold; to provide reflection and mentoring opportunities for students to learn about pathways to STEM careers and to introduce mentoring opportunities with young STEM thinkers.
Same as: EDUC 139X, ME 139.

EDUC 240. Adolescent Development and Learning. 5 Units.

How do adolescents develop their identities, manage their inner and outer worlds, and learn? Presuppositions: that fruitful instruction takes into account the developmental characteristics of learners and the task demands of specific curricula; and that teachers can promote learning and motivation by mediating among the characteristics of students, the curriculum, and the wider social context of the classroom. Prerequisite: STEP student or consent of instructor. (STEP).

EDUC 241S. Organizational Learning. 2 Units.

(Same as OB 586.) How firms learn from their experiences and the opportunities created by flawed learning. Common mistakes in learning and barriers to the adoption of effective practices. How to avoid common mistakes and build organizations that learn more effectively to identify possible opportunities in markets. Concepts and findings from organization theory, psychology, decision theory, and statistics.

EDUC 241X. Organizational Learning. 4 Units.

Why firms do not learn from their experiences and the opportunities created by flawed learning. Common mistakes in learning and barriers to the adoption of effective practices. How to avoid common mistakes and build organizations that learn more effectively to identify possible opportunities in markets. Concepts and findings from organization theory, psychology, decision theory, and statistics. Readings include teaching notes, papers in psychology and organization theory, HBR articles, and Moneyball by Michael Lewis who discusses market-level mistakes in professional baseball.

EDUC 242. Language Use in the Chicano Community. 3-5 Units.

The significance and consequences of language diversity in the culture and society of the U.S. Experiences of non-English background individuals through focus on Spanish-English bilingual communities.
Same as: SPANLIT 206.

EDUC 243. Writing Across Languages and Cultures: Research in Writing and Writing Instruction. 3-5 Units.

Theoretical perspectives that have dominated the literature on writing research. Reports, articles, and chapters on writing research, theory, and instruction; current and historical perspectives in writing research and research findings relating to teaching and learning in this area.

EDUC 244. Classroom Management and Leadership. 2 Units.

Student and teacher roles in developing a classroom community. Strategies for classroom management within a theoretical framework. STEP secondary only.

EDUC 244E. Elementary Classroom Leadership and Management. 1 Unitss.

How to best manage a classroom. Student and teacher roles in developing a classroom community. Strategies for classroom management within a theoretical framework. STEP elementary only.

EDUC 244F. Elementary Classroom Leadership and Management. 1 Unitss.

Skills for developing a positive classroom learning environment. Theoretical issues and opportunities to acquire strategies and make links with practice teaching class. STEP elementary only.

EDUC 245. Understanding Racial and Ethnic Identity Development. 3-5 Units.

African American, Native American, Mexican American, and Asian American racial and ethnic identity development; the influence of social, political and psychological forces in shaping the experience of people of color in the U.S. The importance of race in relationship to social identity variables including gender, class, and occupational, generational, and regional identifications. Bi- and multiracial identity status, and types of white racial consciousness.
Same as: AFRICAAM 245, CSRE 245.

EDUC 246A. Secondary Teaching Seminar. 3 Units.

Preparation and practice in issues and strategies for teaching in classrooms with diverse students. Topics: instruction, curricular planning, classroom interaction processes, portfolio development, teacher professionalism, patterns of school organization, teaching contexts, and government educational policy. Classroom observation and student teaching with accompanying seminars during each quarter of STEP year. 16 units required for completion of the program. Prerequisite: STEP student.

EDUC 246B. Secondary Teaching Seminar. 5 Units.

Preparation and practice in issues and strategies for teaching in classrooms with diverse students. Topics: guided observations, building classroom community, classroom interaction processes, topics in special education portfolio development, teacher professionalism, patterns of school organization, teaching contexts, and government educational policy. Classroom observation and student teaching with accompanying seminars during each quarter of STEP year. 16 units required for completion of the program. Prerequisite: STEP student.

EDUC 246C. Secondary Teaching Seminar. 5 Units.

Preparation and practice in issues and strategies for teaching in classrooms with diverse students. Topics: instruction, curricular planning, classroom interaction processes, portfolio development, teacher professionalism, patterns of school organization, teaching contexts, and government educational policy. Classroom observation and student teaching with accompanying seminars during each quarter of STEP year. 16 units required for completion of the program. Prerequisite: STEP student. (STEP).

EDUC 246D. Secondary Teaching Seminar. 2-7 Units.

Preparation and practice in issues and strategies for teaching in classrooms with diverse students. Topics: instruction, curricular planning, classroom interaction processes, portfolio development, teacher professionalism, patterns of school organization, teaching contexts, and government educational policy. Classroom observation and student teaching with accompanying seminars during each quarter of STEP year. 16 units required for completion of the program. Prerequisite: STEP student.

EDUC 246E. Elementary Teaching Seminar. 3 Units.

Integrating theory and practice in teacher development. Topics include: equity, democracy, and social justice in the context of teaching and learning; teacher reflection, inquiry, and research; parent/teacher relationships; youth development and community engagement; professional growth and development; teacher leadership and school change processes; preparation for the job search, the STEP Elementary Portfolio, and the STEP Elementary Conference. Prerequisite: STEP student.

EDUC 246F. Elementary Teaching Seminar. 5-7 Units.

Integrating theory and practice in teacher development. Topics include: equity, democracy, and social justice in the context of teaching and learning; teacher reflection, inquiry, and research; parent/teacher relationships; youth development and community engagement; professional growth and development; teacher leadership and school change processes; preparation for the job search, the STEP Elementary Portfolio, and the STEP Elementary Conference. Prerequisite: STEP student.

EDUC 246G. Elementary Teaching Seminar. 3 Units.

Integrating theory and practice in teacher development. Topics include: equity, democracy, and social justice in the context of teaching and learning; teacher reflection, inquiry, and research; parent/teacher relationships; youth development and community engagement; professional growth and development; teacher leadership and school change processes; preparation for the job search, the STEP Elementary Portfolio, and the STEP Elementary Conference. Prerequisite: STEP student.

EDUC 246H. Elementary Teaching Seminar. 4 Units.

Integrating theory and practice in teacher development. Topics include: equity, democracy, and social justice in the context of teaching and learning; teacher reflection, inquiry, and research; parent/teacher relationships; youth development and community engagement; professional growth and development; teacher leadership and school change processes; preparation for the job search, the STEP Elementary Portfolio, and the STEP Elementary Conference. Prerequisite: STEP student.

EDUC 247. Moral Education. 3 Units.

Contemporary scholarship and educational practice related to the development of moral beliefs and conduct in young people. The psychology of moral development; major philosophical, sociological, and anthropological approaches. Topics include: natural capacities for moral awareness in the infant; peer and adult influences on moral growth during childhood and adolescence; extraordinary commitment during adulthood; cultural variation in moral judgment; feminist perspectives on morality; the education movement in today's schools; and contending theories concerning the goals of moral education.

EDUC 248X. Issues of Curriculum and Pedagogy in Multicultural Classrooms. 3-4 Units.

Debates concerning race, class, gender and sexuality, and ethnicity as they impact curriculum and practice in heterogeneous classrooms. How teachers and students can become agents of educational change. Sources include videos, scholarship, popular press, and voices of practitioners, students, and families.

EDUC 249. Theory and Issues in the Study of Bilingualism. 3-5 Units.

Sociolinguistic perspective. Emphasis is on typologies of bilingualism, the acquisition of bilingual ability, description and measurement, and the nature of societal bilingualism. Prepares students to work with bilingual students and their families and to carry out research in bilingual settings.
Same as: EDUC 149.

EDUC 250B. Statistical Analysis in Education: Regression. 4 Units.

Primarily for doctoral students; part of doctoral research core; prerequisite for advanced statistical methods courses in School of Education. Basic regression, a widely used data-analytic procedure, including multiple and curvilinear regression, regression diagnostics, analysis of residuals and model selection, logistic regression. Proficiency with statistical computer packages.

EDUC 250C. Qualitative Analysis in Education. 4 Units.

Primarily for doctoral students; part of doctoral research core. Methods for collecting and interpreting qualitative data including case study, ethnograpy, discourse analysis, observation, and interview.

EDUC 251B. Statistical Analysis in Educational Research: Analysis of Variance. 4 Units.

Primarily for doctoral students. ANOVA models as widely used data analytic procedures, especially in experimental, quasi-experimental, and criterion-group designs. Topics: single-factor ANOVA; factorial between and within subjects and mixed design ANOVA (fixed, random, and mixed models); analysis of covariance; and multiple comparison procedures. Prerequisite: 250A or equivalent. (all areas).

EDUC 251C. Statistical Analysis in Educational Research: Applied Multivariate Analysis. 1-4 Units.

Primarily for doctoral students in education, social, and behavioral sciences. Multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis. Advanced regression methods. Data compression: principal components analysis, clustering. Computer packages for data analysis. Prerequisite: 250B, 257, STATS 200, or equivalent. (all areas).

EDUC 252. Introduction to Test Theory. 4-5 Units.

Concepts of reliability and validity; derivation and use of test scales and norms; mathematical models and procedures for test validation, scoring, and interpretation. Prerequisite: STATS 190 or equivalent.

EDUC 253X. Teaching the Unteachable: Teaching and Representing the Holocaust. 3-5 Units.

Theodore Adorno asked whether it was possible to write poetry after Auschwitz; whatever the answer, each year witnesses exponential growth in state-sponsored mandates to teach the Holocaust. How and to what end does catastrophe become curriculum? How to assess what students learn from these efforts. The Nazis' efforts to teach for hate, and contemporary parallels. Historical and educational sources, especially films and memoirs.
Same as: HISTORY 237B.

EDUC 254S. Leadership in Diverse Organizations. 2 Units.

(Same as OB 593) This course is designed to help students improve their capacity to exercise leadership and work effectively with others within the context of culturally diverse groups and organizations. The course is based on the premise that diversity can present unique challenges and opportunities and thereby pushes students to develop crucial leadership skills, many of which are relevant across a variety of situations. The class will address two primary questions: 1) What social and psychological obstacles limit people's ability to work effectively across identity-based differences? 2) What can you do to build the relational and organizational capacity to enable these differences to be a resource for learning and effectiveness within teams and organizations? Students should be prepared to experiment with various conceptual and analytic skills inside and outside of the classroom. While the course focuses on dynamics of race and gender, there will be opportunities for students to explore a variety of other dimensions of identity and difference in organizations, including (but not limited to) sexual orientation, nationality, class, and religion. The course is intended for students who expect to work in culturally diverse groups or organizations and will be equally relevant to those who plan to work in the not-for-profit, public, and for-profit sectors.

EDUC 254X. Leadership in Diverse Organizations. 4 Units.

How improve capacity to exercise leadership and work effectively with others within the context of culturally diverse groups and organizations. Premise is that diversity presents challenges and opportunities that pushestudents to develop leadership skills relevant across a variety of situations. What social and psychological obstacles limit people's ability to work effectively across identity-based differences? What can people do to build the relational and organizational capacity to enable these differences to be a resource for learning and effectiveness within teams and organizations? Focus is on dynamics of race and gender; attention to other dimensions of identity and difference in organizations, including sexual orientation, nationality, class, and religion.

EDUC 255A. Experimental Research Designs in Educational Research. 3-5 Units.

The course will cover the following topics: a) the logic of causal inference and the Fisher/Neyman/Rubin counterfactual causal model (Fisher, 1935; Heckman, 1979; Holland, 1986; Neyman, 1990; Rubin, 1978); b) randomized experiments; c) complex randomized experiments in education (cluster randomized trials, multi-site trials, staggered implementation via randomization, etc.); d) policy experiments with randomization; e) meta-analysis; and f) power in randomized experiments; g) the ethics and politics of randomized experiments.

EDUC 255B. Causal Inference in Quantitative Educational and Social Science Research. 3-5 Units.

Quantitative methods to make causal inferences in the absence of randomized experiment including the use of natural and quasi-experiments, instrumental variables, regression discontinuity, matching estimators, longitudinal methods, fixed effects estimators, and selection modeling. Assumptions implicit in these approaches, and appropriateness in research situations. Students develop research proposals relying on these methods. Prerequisites: exposure to quantitative research methods; multivariate regression.
Same as: SOC 257.

EDUC 255C. Applied Quasi-Experimental Research in Education. 3-5 Units.

Course will provide hands-on practice in analysis of data from experimental and quasi-experimental research designs, including a) instrumental variables estimators; b) regression discontinuity estimators; c) difference-in-difference estimators; d) matching estimators; e) fixed effects estimators; and f) panel data methods (including individual fixed effects models, lagged covariate adjustment models, growth models, etc.). Prerequisites: satisfactory completion of EDUC 255B, EDUC 257C or SOC 257.
Same as: SOC 258.

EDUC 256. Psychological and Educational Resilience Among Children and Youth. 4 Units.

Theoretical, methodological, and empirical issues pertaining to the psychological and educational resilience of children and adolescents. Overview of the resilience framework, including current terminology and conceptual and measurement issues. Adaptive systems that enable some children to achieve successful adaptation despite high levels of adversity exposure. How resilience can be studied across multiple levels of analysis, ranging from cell to society. Individual, family, school, and community risk and protective factors that influence children's development and adaptation. Intervention programs designed to foster resilient adaptation in disadvantaged children's populations.
Same as: HUMBIO 149.

EDUC 257A. Statistical Methods for Behavioral and Social Sciences. 3 Units.

For students with experience in empirical research. Analysis of data from experimental studies through factorial designs, randomized blocks, repeated measures; regression methods through multiple regression, model building, analysis of covariance; categorical data analysis through log-linear models, logistic regression. Integrated with the use of statistical computing packages. Prerequisite: analysis of variance and regression at the level of STATS 161.

EDUC 257B. Statistical Methods for Behavioral and Social Sciences. 3 Units.

For students with experience in empirical research. Analysis of data from experimental studies through factorial designs, randomized blocks, repeated measures; regression methods through multiple regression, model building, analysis of covariance; categorical data analysis through log-linear models, logistic regression. Integrated with the use of statistical computing packages. Prerequisite: analysis of variance and regression at the level of STATS 161.

EDUC 258. Literacy Development and Instruction. 3-5 Units.

Literacy acquisition as a developmental and educational process. Problems that may be encountered as children learn to read. How to disentangle home, community, and school instruction from development.

EDUC 259X. Application of Hierarchical Linear Models in Behavioral and Social Research. 4 Units.

The fundamental phenomenon of interest in educational research is the growth in knowledge and skills of individual students. Two facts - that children's growth is typically the object of inquiry and that such growth occurs in organizational settings - correspond to two of the most troublesome and persistent methodological problems in the social sciences: the measurement of change and the assessment of multi-level effects (also referred to as the unit of analysis problem). Although these two methodological problems have distinct, long-standing, and non-overlapping literatures, these problems, in fact, share a common cause - the inadequacy of traditional statistical techniques for the modeling of hierarchy.

EDUC 260X. Understanding Statistical Models and their Social Science Applications. 3 Units.

Critical examination of statistical methods in social science applications, especially for cause and effect determinations. Topics: path analysis, multilevel models, matching and propensity score methods, analysis of covariance, instrumental variables, compliance, longitudinal data, mediating and moderating variables. See https://www-stat.stanford.edu/~rag/stat209. Prerequisite: intermediate-level statistical methods
Same as: HRP 239, STATS 209.

EDUC 262A. Curriculum and Instruction in English. 2 Units.

Approaches to teaching English in the secondary school, including goals for instruction, teaching techniques, and methods of evaluation. (STEP).

EDUC 262B. Curriculum and Instruction in English. 3 Units.

Approaches to teaching English in the secondary school, including goals for instruction, teaching techniques, and methods of evaluation. STEP secondary only.

EDUC 262C. Curriculum and Instruction in English. 3 Units.

Approaches to teaching English in the secondary school, including goals for instruction, teaching techniques, and methods of evaluation. (STEP).

EDUC 263A. Curriculum and Instruction in Mathematics. 2 Units.

The purposes and programs of mathematics in the secondary curriculum; teaching materials, methods. Prerequisite: STEP student or consent of instructor. (STEP) 263A. Sum, 263B. Aut, 263C. Win.

EDUC 263B. Curriculum and Instruction in Mathematics. 3 Units.

The purposes and programs of mathematics in the secondary curriculum; teaching materials, methods. Prerequisite: STEP student or consent of instructor. (STEP) 263A. Sum, 263B. Aut, 263C. Win.

EDUC 263C. Curriculum and Instruction in Mathematics. 3 Units.

The purposes and programs of mathematics in the secondary curriculum; teaching materials, methods. Prerequisite: STEP student or consent of instructor. (STEP) 263A. Sum, 263B. Aut, 263C. Win.

EDUC 263E. Quantitative Reasoning in Mathematics I. 2 Units.

First of a three-course sequence in mathematics for STEP elementary teacher candidates. Content, pedagogy, and context. Mathematics subject matter; the orchestration of teaching and learning of elementary mathematics including curriculum, classroom and lesson design, and cases studies. Sociocultural and linguistic diversity, equity, differentiation of instruction, the impact of state and national standards, and home/community connections.

EDUC 263F. Quantitative Reasoning in Mathematics II. 2-3 Units.

Second of a three-course sequence in mathematics for STEP elementary teacher candidates. Content, pedagogy, and context. Mathematics subject matter; the orchestration of teaching and learning of elementary mathematics including curriculum, classroom and lesson design, and cases studies. Sociocultural and linguistic diversity, equity, differentiation of instruction, the impact of state and national standards, and home/community connections.

EDUC 263G. Quantitative Reasoning in Mathematics III. 2 Units.

Third of a three-course sequence in mathematics for STEP elementary teacher candidates. Content, pedagogy, and context. Mathematics subject matter; the orchestration of teaching and learning of elementary mathematics including curriculum, classroom and lesson design, and cases studies. Sociocultural and linguistic diversity, equity, differentiation of instruction, the impact of state and national standards, and home/community connections.

EDUC 264C. Curriculum and Instruction in World Languages. 3 Units.

Approaches to teaching foreign languages in the secondary school, including goals for instruction, teaching techniques, and methods of evaluation. Prerequisite: STEP student. (STEP).

EDUC 264E. Methods and Materials in Bilingual Classrooms. 2 Units.

Restricted to STEP elementary teacher candidates in the BCLAD program. Theories, research, and methods related to instruction of Spanish-English bilingual children, grades K-8. Approaches to dual language instruction, and pedagogical and curricular strategies for the instruction of reading, language arts, science, history, social science, and math in Spanish. Assessment issues and practices with bilingual students. In Spanish.

EDUC 265. History of Higher Education in the U.S.. 3-5 Units.

Major periods of evolution, particularly since the mid-19th century. Premise: insights into contemporary higher education can be obtained through its antecedents, particularly regarding issues of governance, mission, access, curriculum, and the changing organization of colleges and universities.
Same as: AMSTUD 165, EDUC 165, HISTORY 158C.

EDUC 266X. Workshop in Practical Quantitative Research on Educational Policy and Inequality. 3 Units.

Conceptual and technical skills for analyzing data concerning educational policy and inequality. How to design analytic strategies using available data sources. Interpreting and presenting results. Prerequisite: 250A.

EDUC 267A. Curriculum and Instruction in Science. 2 Units.

Possible objectives of secondary science teaching and related methods: selection and organization of content and instructional materials; lab and demonstration techniques; evaluation, tests; curricular changes; ties with other subject areas. Prerequisite: STEP student or consent of instructor. (STEP).

EDUC 267B. Curriculum and Instruction in Science. 3 Units.

Possible objectives of secondary science teaching and related methods: selection and organization of content and instructional materials; lab and demonstration techniques; evaluation, tests; curricular changes; ties with other subject areas. Prerequisite: STEP student or consent of instructor. (STEP).

EDUC 267C. Curriculum and Instruction in Science. 3 Units.

Possible objectives of secondary science teaching and related methods: selection and organization of content and instructional materials; lab and demonstration techniques; evaluation, tests; curricular changes; ties with other subject areas. Prerequisite: STEP student or consent of instructor. (STEP).

EDUC 267E. Development of Scientific Reasoning and Knowledge. 2 Units.

For STEP elementary teacher candidates. Theories and methods of teaching and learning science. How to develop curricula and criteria for critiquing curricula. Students design a science curriculum plan for a real setting. State and national science frameworks and content standards. Alternative teaching approaches; how to select approaches that are compatible with learner experience and lesson objectives. Focus is on the linguistic and cultural diversity of California public school students.

EDUC 267F. Development of Scientific Reasoning and Knowledge II. 2 Units.

Continuation of 267E. Scientific knowledge and pedagogical skills for supporting science instruction. Topics include: how children build scientific understandings and what that understanding might look and sound like in young children; what school science is and how concepts are connected to the doing of it; physical, life, and earth science constructs.

EDUC 267G. Integrating the Garden into the Elementary Curriculum. 1 Unitss.

This mini-course uses the garden and kitchen environments to provide teacher candidates with real-world contexts in which to explore some of the key issues that children face in health, nutrition, and sustainability. Teacher candidates will gain an understanding of how to integrate the various themes with content areas and standards and an appreciation for the importance of addressing children's health needs in an era when the country is facing increased obesity and other health problems.

EDUC 268A. Curriculum and Instruction in History and Social Science. 2 Units.

The methodology of history instruction: teaching for historical thinking and reasoning; linking the goals of teaching history with literacy; curriculum trends; and opportunities to develop teaching and resource units. Prerequisite: STEP student.

EDUC 268B. Curriculum and Instruction in History and Social Science. 3 Units.

The methodology of history instruction: teaching for historical thinking and reasoning; linking the goals of teaching history with literacy; curriculum trends; and opportunities to develop teaching and resource units. Prerequisite: STEP student.

EDUC 268C. Curriculum and Instruction in History and Social Science. 3 Units.

The methodology of history instruction: teaching for historical thinking and reasoning; linking the goals of teaching history with literacy; curriculum trends; and opportunities to develop teaching and resource units. Prerequisite: STEP student.

EDUC 268E. Elementary History and Social Science. 3-4 Units.

Teaching and learning history and social science in the elementary grades. What is included in the discipline and why it is important to teach. The development of historical thinking among children. How students learn and understand content in these disciplines.

EDUC 269. Analysis of Teaching. 3 Units.

Student learning and the epistemology of school subjects as related to the planning and implementation of teaching, analysis of curriculum, and evaluation of performance and understanding. Readings and activities are coordinated with student teaching activities of participants. Prerequisite: STEP student or consent of instructor.

EDUC 269X. The Ethics in Teaching. 1 Unitss.

Goal is to prepare for the ethical problems teachers confront in their professional lives. Skills of ethical reasoning, familiarity with ethical concepts, and how to apply these skills and concepts in the analysis of case studies. Topics: ethical responsibility in teaching, freedom of speech and academic freedom, equality and difference, indoctrination, and the teaching of values.

EDUC 270A. Learning to Lead in Public Service Organizations. 3-5 Units.

For Haas Center student service organization leaders. (Davis).

EDUC 271X. Education Policy in the United States. 5 Units.

The course will provide students from different disciplines with an understanding of the broad educational policy context. The course will cover topics including a) school finance systems; b) an overview of policies defining and shaping the sectors and institutional forms of schooling, c) an overview of school governance, d) educational human-resource policy, e) school accountability policies at the federal and state levels; and f) school assignment policies and law, including intra- and inter-district choice policies, desegregation law and policy.

EDUC 272X. Understanding and Creating Value-Added Measures of Teacher Effectiveness. 3 Units.

This seminar will explore a variety of approaches to measuring teacher effectiveness using student performance on state standardized tests. We will read the recent research literature on value-added estimation, addressing issues such as bias and measurement error. We also will use administrative data from two large districts to create and compare multiple value-added measures. The class assumes a comfort with OLS regression and basic programming in Stata.

EDUC 273. Gender and Higher Education: National and International Perspectives. 4 Units.

This course examines the ways in which higher education structures and policies affect females, males, and students in relation to each other and how changes in those structures and policies improve experiences for females and males similarly or differently. Students are expected to gain an understanding of theories and perspectives from the social sciences relevant to an understanding of the role of higher education in relation to structures of gender differentiation and hierarchy. Topics include undergraduate and graduate education; identity and sexuality; gender and science; gender and faculty; and the development of feminist scholarship and pedagogy. Attention is paid to how these issues are experienced by women and men in the United States, including people of color, and by academics throughout the world, and how these have changed over time.
Same as: EDUC 173, SOC 173, SOC 273.

EDUC 274X. School Choice: The Role of Charter Schools. 3 Units.

(Formerly EDUC 153X.) Is school choice, including vouchers, charter schools, contract schools, magnet schools, district options, and virtual schools, a threat or an opportunity for public education? Focus is on the charter school movement nationally and in California as reform strategy. Roles and responsibilities of charter schools emphasizing issues of governance, finance, curriculum, standards, and accountability.

EDUC 276. Educational Assessment. 3 Units.

Reliability, validity, bias, fairness, and properties of test scores. Uses of tests to monitor, manage, and reform instruction. Testing and competition, meritocracy, achievement gaps, and explanations for group differences.

EDUC 277. Education of Immigrant Students: Psychological Perspectives. 4 Units.

Historical and contemporary approaches to educating immigrant students. Case study approach focuses on urban centers to demonstrate how stressed urban educational agencies serve immigrants and native-born U.S. students when confronted with overcrowded classrooms, controversy over curriculum, current school reform movements, and government policies regarding equal educational opportunity.

EDUC 278. Introduction to Issues in Evaluation. 3-4 Units.

Open to master's and doctoral students with priority to students in the School of Education. Focus is on the basic literature and major theoretical and practical issues in the field of program evaluation. Topics include: defining purpose, obtaining credible evidence, the role of the evaluator, working with stakeholder, values in evaluation, utilization, and professional standards. The course project is to design an evaluation for a complex national or international program selected by the instructor.

EDUC 279. Urban Youth and Their Institutions: Research and Practice. 4-5 Units.

The determinants and consequences of urban life for youth, emphasizing disciplinary and methodological approaches, and the gap between the perspectives of state and local organizations and those of youth and their communities. The diversity of urban youth experiences with respect to ethnicity, gender, and immigration histories. Case studies illustrate civic-level and grassroots institutions, their structures, networks, and philosophies; historical and contemporary realities of urban youth for policy makers, educators, and researchers. Limited enrollment. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Same as: EDUC 179.

EDUC 279B. Youth Empowerment and Civic Engagement. 2-4 Units.

Focus is on youth development policies and practices: what makes them effective, and how they operate in broader institutional contexts. Research-based information; conceptual underpinnings; best learning from experience; and the perspective of expert youth workers, policymakers, and youth about what works.
Same as: EDUC 179B.

EDUC 282X. The Politics of Knowledge in the Twentieth Century United States. 3-5 Units.

This course examines the relationship between social scientific knowledge and power in the modern United States. Topics include the emergence of social scientific disciplines, debates over objectivity, and professionalization. The course examines both how universities, philanthropic foundations, and the federal government have shaped knowledge production and how social science has influenced law, social and educational policy, and popular social thought.

EDUC 283. Child Development In and Beyond Schools. 2 Units.

(Formerly EDUC 144). How schools form a context for children's social and cognitive development. Focus is on early and middle childhood. Transactional processes between children and learning opportunities in classroom contexts. Topics include: alternative theoretical perspectives on the nature of child development; early experience and fit with traditional school contexts; assessment practices and implications for developing identities as learners; psychological conceptions of motivational processes and alternative perspectives; the role of peer relationships in schools; and new designs for learning environments. Readings address social science and methodological issues. STEP Elementary only.

EDUC 284. Teaching and Learning in Heterogeneous Classrooms. 3 Units.

Teaching in academically and linguistically heterogeneous classrooms requires a repertoire of pedagogical strategies. Focus is on how to provide access to intellectually challenging curriculum and equal-status interaction for students in diverse classrooms. Emphasis is on group work and its cognitive, social, and linguistic benefits for students. How to prepare for group work, equalize participation, and design learning tasks that support conceptual understanding, mastery of content and language growth. How to assess group products and individual contributions. (STEP).

EDUC 285. Supporting Students with Special Needs. 2-3 Units.

For STEP teacher candidates. Needs of exceptional learners, identification of learning differences and disabilities, and adaptations in the regular inclusion classroom. Legal requirements of special education, testing procedures, development of individualized education plans, and support systems and services. Students follow a special needs learner to understand diagnosis, student needs, and types of services.

EDUC 286B. Second Language Acquisition Research. 4 Units.

Major research findings and theories in second language acquisition. Second language research and theories in formal and informal settings where a second language is learned.

EDUC 287X. Graduate Research Workshop on Psychological Interventions. 3 Units.

Psychological research has the potential to create novel interventions that promote the public good. This workshop will expose students to psychologically 'wise' intervention research and to support their efforts to conduct such interventions, especially in the context of education, broadly conceived, as well as other areas. The first part of the class will address classic interventions and important topics in intervention research, including effective delivery mechanisms, sensitive behavioral outcomes, the role of theory and psychological process, and considerations of the role of time and of mechanisms that can sustain treatment effects over time. In the second part of the class, students will present and receive feedback on their own ongoing and/or future intervention research. Prerequisite: Graduate standing in Psychology or Education, or consent of instructor.
Same as: PSYCH 274.

EDUC 288. Organizational Analysis. 4-5 Units.

Principles of organizational behavior and analysis; theories of group and individual behavior; organizational culture; and applications to school organization and design. Case studies.
Same as: SOC 366.

EDUC 289. The Centrality of Literacies in Teaching and Learning. 3 Units.

(Formerly EDUC 166.) Focus is on principles in understanding, assessing, and supporting the reading and writing processes, and the acquisition of content area literacies in secondary schools. Literacy demands within particular disciplines and how to use oral language, reading, and writing to teach content area materials more effectively to all students. (STEP).

EDUC 290. Instructional Leadership: Building Capacity for Excellent Teaching. 3-4 Units.

This course focuses on the role of leaders in designing, supporting and sustaining excellent teaching. How do leaders create the organizational conditions to focus attention on the technical core of instruction, curriculum and assessment. Course goals: 1) explore a variety of educational leadership approaches, 2) investigate the theory of action underlying these approaches to leadership and consider the implications for instructional practice and 3) develop understanding of the relationship between the leadership approach and the learning environment.

EDUC 291. Learning Sciences and Technology Design Research Seminar and Colloquium. 1-3 Units.

Students and faculty present and critique new and original research relevant to the Learning Sciences and Technology Design doctoral program. Goal is to develop a community of scholars who become familiar with each other's work. Practice of the arts of presentation and scholarly dialogue while introducing seminal issues and fundamental works in the field.

EDUC 291X. Introduction to Survey Research. 3-4 Units.

Planning tasks, including problem formulation, study design, questionnaire and interview design, pretesting, sampling, interviewer training, and field management. Epistemological and ethical perspectives. Issues of design, refinement, and ethics in research that crosses boundaries of nationality, class, gender, language, and ethnicity.
Same as: EDUC 191X.

EDUC 292X. Academic Writing for Clarity and Grace. 2-4 Units.

Students will acquire helpful writing strategies, habits, and critical faculties; increase their sense of writing as revision; and leave them with resources that will support them in their own lifelong pursuit of good writing. Students will work on revising their own papers and editing papers of other students. Class will focus on exercises in a variety of critical writing skills: framing, concision, clarity, emphasis, rhythm, action, actors, argument, data, quotations, and usage.

EDUC 293X. Religion and Education. 4 Units.

This course will examine interactions between religion and education, focusing on both formal and experiential sites in which people and communities explore, articulate, encounter, and perform religious ideologies and identities. The class will focus on different religious traditions and their encounters the institutions and structures of education in American culture, both in the United States and as it manifests in American culture transnationally.
Same as: JEWISHST 293X, RELIGST 293X.

EDUC 294X. History of the Learned Book. 3-5 Units.

The course takes full advantage of the university library's Special Collections to examine the key historic works contributing to the advancement of learning and the organization of knowledge. Beginning with medieval manuscripts and progressing through all areas of human inquiry during the age of print, the course explores the economic and educational history of learned publishing in the West, while examining what these historic artifacts reveal about developments in the structure and authority, production and circulation, technology and aesthetics, of learning and knowledge.

EDUC 295. Learning and Cognition in Activity. 3 Units.

Methods and results of research on learning, understanding, reasoning, problem solving, and remembering, as aspects of participation in social organized activity. Principles of coordination that support cognitive achievements and learning in activity settings in work and school environments.
Same as: PSYCH 261A.

EDUC 296X. School Leadership. 3 Units.

Can one person really make a difference for all the students in a school? Accurate or not, that's the expectation faced by school principals. This course will give students practice in translating school improvement ideas into practice and also help them develop a personal vision for school improvement. For students in POLS or MA/MBA program in School of Education.

EDUC 297X. Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. 3-4 Units.

Open to master's and doctoral students in all disciplines. How teachers can promote lasting learning and ask which pedagogies are most effective in today's college classrooms. Readings analyze teaching and learning in diverse disciplines and institutional types. Students observe the instruction of a Stanford master teacher. Students write a paper about the instruction of the teacher they observe or prepare a syllabus and commentary for a course of their design.
Same as: CTL 297X.

EDUC 298. Learning in a Networked World: Learning Analytics in Technology-Enhanced Education. 3 Units.

Foundations, theories and empirical studies for interdisciplinary advances in how we conceive of the potentials and challenges associated with lifelong, lifewide and life-deep learning in a networked world given the growth of always-on cyberinfrastructure for supporting information and social networks across space and time with personal computers, netbooks, and mobiles.
Same as: CS 377L.

EDUC 299. Educating for Equity and Democracy. 2 Units.

(Formerly EDUC 167.) Introduction to the theories and practices of equity and democracy in education. How to think about teaching and schooling in new ways; the individual moral and political reasons for becoming a teacher. (STEP).

EDUC 302X. Incentives In Education. 1-4 Units.

Seminar. Theoretical and empirical literatures from psychology and economics that focus on group and individual incentives and their potential effects. Emphasis is on seminal experiments in psychology and the recent wave of economic field experiments that test the how individual incentives affect educational outcomes and intrinsic motivation.

EDUC 303X. Designing Learning Spaces. 3-4 Units.

Project-based. How space shapes personal interactions and affords learning opportunities In formal and informal settings. How to integrate learning principles into the design of spaces and develop a rubric to assess the impact on learning.

EDUC 306A. Economics of Education in the Global Economy. 5 Units.

Case material considers development problems in the U.S. and abroad. Discussion sections on economic aspects of educational development.

EDUC 306B. Politics, Policy Making, and Schooling Around the World. 3-5 Units.

Education policy, politics, and development. Topics include: politics, interests, institutions, policy, and civil society; how schools and school systems operate as political systems; how policy making occurs in educational systems; and theories of development.

EDUC 306D. World, Societal, and Educational Change: Comparative Perspectives. 4-5 Units.

Theoretical perspectives and empirical studies on the structural and cultural sources of educational expansion and differentiation, and on the cultural and structural consequences of educational institutionalization. Research topics: education and nation building; education, mobility, and equality; education, international organizations, and world culture.
Same as: EDUC 136, SOC 231.

EDUC 306Y. Economic Support Seminar for Education and Economic Development. 1 Unitss.

Core economic concepts that address issues in education in developing and developed countries. Supply and demand, elasticity, discount rates, rate of return analysis, utility functions, and production functions. Corequisite: 306A. (Carnoy).

EDUC 307X. Organizing for Diversity: Opportunities and Obstacles in Groups and Organizations. 3-4 Units.

Obstacles in organizations and groups that prevent people from participating, working effectively, and developing relationships in the context of diversity. How to create conditions in which diversity enhances learning and effectiveness? Experiential exercises; students experiment with conceptual and analytic skills inside and outside of the classroom.

EDUC 308X. Mobile Learning Technology for the Marginalized. 1-3 Units.

Learning design principles as a basis for developing and evaluating mobile learning systems to address educational inequalities in underserved communities. Students analyze mobile learning scenarios, prototypes, and authoring tools while collaborating with research teams to develop a small-scale mobile empowerment scenario addressing education needs such as language, math, health, and civic and life skills in developing countries.

EDUC 309X. Educational Issues in Contemporary China. 3-4 Units.

Reforms such as the decentralization of school finance, emergence of private schools, expansion of higher education, and reframing of educational policy to focus on issues of quality. Have these reforms exacerbated educational inequality.
Same as: EDUC 109X.

EDUC 310. Sociology of Education: The Social Organization of Schools. 4 Units.

Seminar. Key sociological theories and empirical studies of the links between education and its role in modern society, focusing on frameworks that deal with sources of educational change, the organizational context of schooling, the impact of schooling on social stratification, and the relationships between the educational system and other social institutions such as families, neighborhoods, and the economy.
Same as: EDUC 110, SOC 132, SOC 332.

EDUC 311X. Designing Learning for Development: Learning Theories, Techonology Design and Social Change. 3 Units.

Perspectives on learning and human development as they relate to prior technological interventions in the development sphere. Case studies in the international development context; historical perspective on learning and development. Methods of inquiry useful in a design process engaging technology within a development framework.

EDUC 312B. Microsociology: Social Structure and Interaction. 4 Units.

How to interpret interpersonal situations using microsociological theories. Focuses on the role of intention, identity, routines, scripts, rituals, conceptual frameworks, talk and emotions in social interaction. Processes by which interactions reverberate outward to transform groups and social structures. Special consideration will be placed on organizational contexts like schools, workplaces and policy decision arenas.
Same as: SOC 224B.

EDUC 313X. The Education of American Jews. 4 Units.

This course will take an interdisciplinary approach to the question of how American Jews negotiate the desire to retain a unique ethnic sensibility without excluding themselves from American culture more broadly. Students will examine the various ways in which people debate, deliberate, and determine what it means to be an "American Jew". This includes an investigation of how American Jewish relationships to formal and informal educational encounters through school, popular culture, religious ritual, and politics.
Same as: JEWISHST 393X, RELIGST 313X.

EDUC 315X. Race and Ethnicity in Society and Institutions. 1-5 Units.

Primarily for doctoral students. Major theories and empirical research. Emphasis is on schooling and race, racial identity, urban issues, and the impact of immigration on race relations.
Same as: SOC 347.

EDUC 317X. Workshop: Networks, Histories, and Theories of Action. 1-2 Units.

Yearlong workshop where doctoral students are encouraged to collaborate with peers and faculty who share an interest in researching the network dynamics, histories and theories of action that help explain particular social phenomena. Students present their own research and provide helpful feedback on others' work. Presentations may concern dissertation proposals, grants, article submissions, book proposals, datasets, methodologies and other texts. Repeatable for credit.
Same as: SOC 317W.

EDUC 318X. The Discourses of Teaching Reading. 3-5 Units.

Students examine language, social relationships, and students' textual sense-making to further develop their conceptions of reading comprehension and their pedagogical practice as reading teachers. What it means to comprehend text; how classroom discourse matters in the development of textual understanding; and what understandings, purposes, and relationships should matter in classroom talk about text. Field work in which students facilitate small group text discussions for the duration of the quarter at a location of their choice.

EDUC 321. Analysis of Social Interaction. 4 Units.

Practicum on discourse, interactional, and cultural analysis of videotaped data. Analysis of interactional data, and the basis on which analytic claims can be founded. The transcription of speech and movement in social interaction, and how to identify the patterns which participants use to display and interpret cultural meanings. The theoretical assumptions hidden in transcription systems. Prerequisite: first- or second-year graduate student.

EDUC 321X. Leading Social Change: Educational and Social Entrepreneurship. 4 Units.

(Same as OB 385) The course provides an overview of different approaches to leading change in the social sector, drawing primarily, but not exclusively, on case examples in education. While there is a substantial need for innovation and visionary leadership in sectors such as education, social entrepreneurs who want to drive change must appreciate the significant barriers and unique opportunities presented by non-market forces in these sectors. The course will equip students with an appreciation for different mechanisms of change and theories of action as well as some of the challenges of initiating and sustaining meaningful change in social sectors such as education. The course will draw on readings and case studies, and we will benefit from the wisdom of an inspirational group of guest lecturers. While the course will benefit any student concerned with making a positive impact in the world, it is particularly (although not exclusively) appropriate for students in the joint MA/MBA program as well as those who will lead social change through nonprofit consulting or entrepreneurship.
Same as: OB 385.

EDUC 322. Discourse of Liberation and Equity in Communities and Classrooms. 3-5 Units.

Issues and strategies for studying oral and written discourse as a means for understanding classrooms, students, and teachers, and teaching and learning in educational contexts. The forms and functions of oral and written language in the classroom, emphasizing teacher-student and peer interaction, and student-produced texts. Individual projects utilize discourse analytic techniques. Prerequisite: graduate status or consent of instructor.
Same as: AFRICAAM 130.

EDUC 323A. The Practice of Education Policy Analysis. 3-5 Units.

Key issues in the K-12 education policy. Modern theories about the making of policy and its implementation. Preparation to do policy analysis in education.

EDUC 324X. The Ecology of Equality. 1-4 Units.

A biweekly, one-hour workshop that meets throughout the full academic year. Designed for doctoral students and explores a range of issues pertaining to equity and equality in the United States and globally. Takes an interdisciplinary approach and intended for those who desire a deeper exploration of humanistic, social science and philosophical explanations for existing conditions, crises, and policies in society, as they pertain to various forms of social inequality--with a particular focus on race, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality.

EDUC 325A. Proseminar 1. 3 Units.

Required of and limited to first-year Education doctoral students. Core questions in education: what is taught, to whom, and why; how do people learn; how do teachers teach and how do they learn to teach; how are schools organized; how are educational systems organized; and what are the roles of education in society?.

EDUC 325B. Proseminar 2. 3 Units.

Required of and limited to first-year Education doctoral students. Core questions in education: what is taught, to whom, and why; how do people learn; how do teachers teach and how do they learn to teach; how are schools organized; how are educational systems organized; and what are the roles of education in society?.

EDUC 325C. Proseminar 3. 2-4 Units.

Required of and limited to first-year Education doctoral students. Core questions in education: what is taught, to whom, and why; how do people learn; how do teachers teach and how do they learn to teach; how are schools organized; how are educational systems organized; and what are the roles of education in society?.

EDUC 326. Law, Litigation, and Educational Policy. 3 Units.

Same as LAW 364. Restricted to Education graduate students and Law students. Interplay among educational law and policy, administrative decision making, and practice. Issues include the relationship between schooling and the state, nature and scope of students' substantive and procedural rights inside the schoolhouse, and how law and litigation have advanced or stymied the goal of equality of educational opportunity.

EDUC 327A. The Conduct of Qualitative Inquiry. 3-4 Units.

Two quarter sequence for doctoral students to engage in research that anticipates, is a pilot study for, or feeds into their dissertations. Prior approval for dissertation study not required. Students engage in common research processes including: developing interview questions; interviewing; coding, analyzing, and interpreting data; theorizing; and writing up results. Participant observation as needed. Preference to students who intend to enroll in 327C.
Same as: SOC 331.

EDUC 327C. The Conduct of Qualitative Inquiry. 1-4 Units.

For doctoral students. Students bring research data for analysis and writing. Preference to those who have completed 327A.

EDUC 328A. Topics in Learning and Technology: d.compress - Designing Calm. 2-4 Units.

Contents of the course change each year. The course can be repeated. Stress silently but steadily damages physical and emotional well-being, relationships, productivity, and our ability to learn and remember. This highly experiential and project-oriented class will focus on designing interactive technologies to enable calm states of cognition, emotion, and physiology for better human health, learning, creativity and productivity.
Same as: CS 377D.

EDUC 328X. Topics in Learning and Technology: Core Mechanics for Learning. 3 Units.

Contents of the course change each year. The course can be repeated. In game play, core mechanics refers to the rules of interaction that drive the game forward. This class will consider whether there are core mechanics that can drive learning forward, and if so, how to build them into learning environments.

EDUC 329X. Seminar on Teacher Professional Development. 1-4 Units.

For master's and doctoral students. Theories, principles, and models of professional development. Issues include: different conceptions of teaching, practice, and development; what gets developed in professional development; pedagogies of professional development; structures to support teacher learning; evaluating professional development; and policy issues.

EDUC 330X. Teaching English Language Learners: Issues in Policy, Leadership, and Instruction. 3-4 Units.

Current perspectives and research on issues facing educators serving the English language learner population. Issues include federal education legislation, civil rights law, national Common Core Standards, content and language proficiency standards assessment and accountability, school improvement models, school structure, community engagement, addressing issues of long-term English learners, programming for newcomer ELLs, early childhood education, and promoting bilingualism.

EDUC 332X. Theory and Practice of Environmental Education. 3 Units.

Foundational understanding of the history, theoretical underpinnings, and practice of environmental education as a tool for addressing today's pressing environmental issues. The purpose, design, and implementation of environmental education in formal and nonformal settings with youth and adult audiences. Field trip and community-based project offer opportunities for experiencing and engaging with environmental education initiatives.

EDUC 333A. Understanding Learning Environments. 3 Units.

Advanced seminar. Theoretical approaches to learning used to analyze learning environments and develop goals for designing resources and activities to support effective learning practices.

EDUC 333B. Imagining the Future of Learning. 3 Units.

How to understand and forecast social, educational, technological trends; how to develop concepts and ideas for engaging learning and technology. Presentations of scenarios for future learning concepts from education, government, technology, business and leisure sectors. Experiments with the research and visioning processes.

EDUC 334A. Youth and Education Law Project: Clinical Practice. 4 Units.

(Same as LAW 660A). The Youth and Education Law Project offers students the opportunity to participate in a wide variety of educational rights and reform work, including direct representation of youth and families in special education and school discipline matters, community outreach and education, school reform litigation, and/or policy research and advocacy. All students have an opportunity to represent elementary and high school students with disabilities in special education proceedings, to represent students in school discipline proceedings, or to work with community groups in advocating for the provision of better and more equitable educational opportunities to their children. In addition, the clinic may pursue a specific policy research and advocacy project that will result in a written policy brief and policy proposal. Students working on special education matters have the opportunity to handle all aspects of their clients' cases. Students working in this area interview and counsel clients, investigate and develop facts, work with medical and mental health professionals and experts, conduct legal and educational research, create case plans, and represent clients at individual education program (IEP) team meetings, mediation or special education due process hearings. This work offers students a chance to study the relationship between individual special education advocacy and system-wide reform efforts such as impact litigation. Students working on school discipline matters interview and counsel clients, investigate and develop facts, interview witnesses, conduct legal and educational research, create case plan, and represent clients at school discipline hearings such as expulsion hearings. Such hearings provide the opportunity to present oral and written argument, examine witnesses, and present evidence before a hearing officer. If appropriate and necessary, such proceedings also present the opportunity to represent students on appeal before the school district board of trustees or the county board of education. The education clinic includes two or three mandatory training sessions to be held at the beginning of the term, a weekly seminar that focuses on legal skills and issues in law and education policy, regular case review, and a one hour weekly meeting with the clinic instructor. Admission is by consent of instructor. Beginning with the 2009-2010 academic year, each of the Law School's clinical courses is being offered on a full-time basis for 12 credits.

EDUC 334B. Youth and Education Law Project: Clinical Methods. 4 Units.

(Same as LAW 660B). The Youth and Education Law Project offers students the opportunity to participate in a wide variety of educational rights and reform work, including direct representation of youth and families in special education and school discipline matters, community outreach and education, school reform litigation, and/or policy research and advocacy. All students have an opportunity to represent elementary and high school students with disabilities in special education proceedings, to represent students in school discipline proceedings, or to work with community groups in advocating for the provision of better and more equitable educational opportunities to their children. In addition, the clinic may pursue a specific policy research and advocacy project that will result in a written policy brief and policy proposal. Students working on special education matters have the opportunity to handle all aspects of their clients' cases. Students working in this area interview and counsel clients, investigate and develop facts, work with medical and mental health professionals and experts, conduct legal and educational research, create case plans, and represent clients at individual education program (IEP) team meetings, mediation, or special education due process hearings. This work offers students a chance to study the relationship between individual special education advocacy and system-wide reform efforts such as impact litigation. Students working on school discipline matters interview and counsel clients, investigate and develop facts, interview witnesses, conduct legal and educational research, create case plan, and represent clients at school discipline hearings such as expulsion hearings. Such hearings provide the opportunity to present oral and written argument, examine witnesses, and present evidence before a hearing officer. If appropriate and necessary, such proceedings also present the opportunity to represent students on appeal before the school district board of trustees of the county board of education. The education clinic includes two or three mandatory training sessions to be held at the beginning of the term, a weekly seminar that focuses on legal skills and issues in law and education policy, regular case review, and a one hour weekly meeting with the clinic instructor. Admission is by consent of instructor. Beginning with the 2009-2010 academic year, each of the Law School's clinical courses is being offered on a full-time basis for 12 credits.

EDUC 334C. Youth and Education Law Project: Clinical Coursework. 4 Units.

(Same as LAW 660C). The Youth and Education Law Project offers students the opportunity to participate in a wide variety of educational rights and reform work, including direct representation of youth and families in special education and school discipline matters, community outreach and education, school reform litigation, and/or policy research and advocacy. All students have an opportunity to represent elementary and high school students with disabilities in special education proceedings, to represent students in school discipline proceedings, or to work with community groups in advocating for the provision of better and more equitable educational opportunities to their children. In addition, the clinic may pursue a specific policy research and advocacy project that will result in a written policy brief and policy proposal. Students working on special education matters have the opportunity to handle all aspects of their clients' cases. Students working in this area interview and counsel clients, investigate and develop facts, work with medical and mental health professionals and experts, conduct legal and educational research, create case plans, and represent clients at individual education program (IEP) team meetings, mediation, or special education due process hearings. This work offers students a chance to study the relationship between individual special education advocacy and system-wide reform efforts such as impact litigation. Students working on school discipline matters interview and counsel clients, investigate and develop facts, interview witnesses, conduct legal and educational research, create case plan, and represent clients at school discipline hearings such as expulsion hearings. Such hearings provide the opportunity to present oral and written argument, examine witnesses, and present evidence before a hearing officer. If appropriate and necessary, such proceedings also present the opportunity to represent students on appeal before the school district board of trustees or the county board of education. The education clinic includes two or three mandatory training sessions to be held at the beginning of the term, a weekly seminar that focuses on legal skills and issues in law and education policy, regular case review, and a one hour weekly meeting with the clinic instructor. Admission is by consent of instructor. Beginning with the 2009-2010 academic year, each of the Law School's clinical courses is being offered on a full-time basis for 12 credits.

EDUC 334X. Education Advocacy Clinic. 2-10 Units.

(Same as LAW 660.) For students enrolled in the Education (M.A.) and Law (J.D.) joint degree program and those who already possess Law degrees only. Students participate in educational rights and reform work with clients and communities, including direct representation of youth and families in special education and school discipline matters, community outreach and education, school reform litigation, and/or policy research and advocacy. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

EDUC 336. Language, Identity, and Classroom Learning. 1-3 Units.

As contemporary research focuses on how people act and recognize each other, analyzing interaction while acknowledging identity allows for a dynamic examination of cultural interaction. Broad cultural categorization can be overly expansive in identifying the characteristics of large groups of individuals.

EDUC 336A. Law and Public Policy: Issues in Implementation. 3 Units.

(Same as LAW 636.) This seminar will focus on issues related to achieving successful implementation of the goals of legislation. It is widely recognized that the goals of legislation often are not realized and that the failure frequently rests in breakdowns in the implementation process by the agencies and organizations charged with implementing the legislation. In response to problems in implementation, the institutional context of public policy implementation is changing. One category of innovations, known by names such as "management-based regulation" and "evidence-based" social service delivery, gives broad discretion to street-level service providers but subjects them to intensive monitoring and disciplined performance comparison. Another category applies market concepts to regulation or social services, for example, by creating tradable rights (e.g. pollution allowances) or vouchers (for schools, housing, or healthcare). These, and other, new approaches are affecting both the contours of public law doctrine and the nature of lawyering in the public sector. Lawyers in the public sector are increasingly drawing on skills of institutional design and monitoring of the kind associated with private sector transactional practice. This seminar will examine some of the emerging general themes of innovative policy implementation and look at a range of case studies. Topics will include the conditions under which financial and other rewards and sanctions are useful in bringing about desired behaviors, the pluses and minuses of the creation of markets as alternatives to government run programs, and efforts at improving implementation by improving management activities. Examples will be taken from both regulation and social services, and are likely to include environmental protection, education, child protective services, healthcare, food and workplace safety, nuclear power safety, and regulation of financial institutions. We will invite presentations by academics and practitioners.

EDUC 337. Race, Ethnicity, and Linguistic Diversity in Classrooms: Sociocultural Theory and Practices. 3-5 Units.

Focus is on classrooms with students from diverse racial, ethnic and linguistic backgrounds. Studies, writing, and media representation of urban and diverse school settings; implications for transforming teaching and learning. Issues related to developing teachers with attitudes, dispositions, and skills necessary to teach diverse students.
Same as: AFRICAAM 106, CSRE 103B, EDUC 103B.

EDUC 338X. Innovations in Education: Designing the teaching experience. 3-4 Units.

Each year students design a new challenge related to teaching. This year, it will be a hands-on class about online courses. Teaching online presents a unique set of challenges and opportunities. From amateur hobbyist to college professor, how might we give every individual the tools to be the best teacher they can be?.

EDUC 339. Advanced Topics in Quantitative Policy Analysis. 1-2 Units.

For doctoral students. How to develop a researchable question and research design, identify data sources, construct conceptual frameworks, and interpret empirical results. Presentation by student participants and scholars in the field. May be repeated for credit.

EDUC 340. Psychology and American Indian Mental Health. 3-5 Units.

Western medicine's definition of health as the absence of sickness, disease, or pathology; Native American cultures' definition of health as the beauty of physical, spiritual, emotional, and social things, and sickness as something out of balance. Topics include: historical trauma; spirituality and healing; cultural identity; values and acculturation; and individual, school, and community-based interventions. Prerequisite: experience working with American Indian communities.
Same as: NATIVEAM 240.

EDUC 341X. Urban School System Reform. 4 Units.

Strategies for large-scale reform of complex school systems. Case studies of urban school systems. Sources include approaches developed in management studies, organizational behavior, and school reform. Political and community contexts; the role of urban superintendents and administrators in creating reform strategies. Factors such as labor relations and the regulatory environment. Guest speakers.

EDUC 342. Child Development and New Technologies. 1-3 Units.

Focus is on the experiences computing technologies afford children and how these experiences might influence development. Sociocultural theories of development as a conceptual framework for understanding how computing technologies interact with the social ecology of the child and how children actively use technology to meet their own goals. Emphasis is on influences of interactive technology on cognitive development, identity, and social development equity.

EDUC 343X. Navigating the Academic Profession. 1-2 Units.

For DARE doctoral fellows only. The roles and responsibilities of faculty members in American colleges and universities in the 21st century. How to become productive faculty members within the higher education enterprise.

EDUC 345X. Adolescent Development and Schooling. 3-5 Units.

How the context of school and its relationship to other major context developments (family, peer group, and neighborhood) influence the social, emotional, and cognitive development of secondary school-aged youths. Metatheoretical approaches (mechanistic, organismic, developmental contextualist metamodels) and methods of conducting research on schooling and development (laboratory, survey, ethnographic, intervention). Topics: school transitions during adolescence; the role of school functioning in broader patterns of competence or distress; and how the organization of academic tasks, classrooms, and school environments as a whole can influence adolescent development. Focus is on middle and high school years. (PSE).

EDUC 346. Research Seminar in Higher Education. 4 Units.

Required for higher education students. Major issues, current structural features of the system, the historical context that shaped it, and theoretical frameworks. The purposes of higher education in light of interest groups including students, faculty, administrators, and external constituents. Issues such as diversity, stratification, decentralization, and changes that cut across these groups.

EDUC 347. The Economics of Higher Education. 4 Units.

Topics: the worth of college and graduate degrees, and the utilization of highly educated graduates; faculty labor markets, careers, and workload; costs and pricing; discounting, merit aid, and access to higher education; sponsored research; academic medical centers; and technology and productivity. Emphasis is on theoretical frameworks, policy matters, and the concept of higher education as a public good. Stratification by gender, race, and social class.

EDUC 348X. Policy and Practice in Science Education. 3-4 Units.

Values and beliefs that dominate contemporary thinking about the role and practice of science education, what the distinctive features of science are, and the arguments for its value as part of compulsory education. Research on the conceptual and affective outcomes of formal science education, how the changing nature of contemporary society challenges current practice, and the rationale for an alternative pedagogy, curriculum and assessment.

EDUC 351A. Statistical Methods for Longitudinal Data. 2-3 Units.

Research designs and statistical procedures for time-ordered (repeated-measures) data. The analysis of longitudinal panel data is central to empirical research on learning and development. Topics: measurement of change, growth curve models, analysis of durations including survival analysis, experimental and non-experimental group comparisons, reciprocal effects, stability. See https://www-stat.stanford.edu/~rag/stat222/ . Prerequisite: intermediate statistical methods.
Same as: STATS 222.

EDUC 351B. Statistical Issues in Testing and Assessment. 2-3 Units.

The new book by Howard Wainer, "Uneducated Guesses: Using Evidence to Uncover Misguided Education Policies" is the basis for this seminar. Also included will be supporting research literature and data analysis activities for topics such as college admissions, methods for missing data, assessment of achievement gaps, and the use of value-added analysis. See https://www-stat.stanford.edu/~rag/ed351B/.

EDUC 351C. Workshop in Technical Quality of Educational Assessments and Accountability. 3 Units.

Topics include: determinations of accuracy for individual scores and group summaries; design and reporting of educational assessments; achievement instruments in state-level accountability systems; and policy implications of statistical properties. See https://www.stanford.edu/~rag/.

EDUC 353C. Problems in Measurement: Generalizability Theory. 3 Units.

Application to analysis of educational achievement data, including performance assessments. Fundamental concepts, computer programs, and actual applications.

EDUC 354X. School-Based Decision Making. 3-4 Units.

Leadership and organizational issues. Leadership as it plays out in the pragmatic demands and tensions of site-level decision processes. Interdependence of several factors critical to school achievement and equity outcomes: governance, culture, instruction, resource alignment, data/inquiry, community engagement. School decision-making as a capacity-building process.

EDUC 355X. Higher Education and Society. 3 Units.

For undergraduates and graduate students interested in what colleges and universities do, and what society expects of them. The relationship between higher education and society in the U.S. from a sociological perspective. The nature of reform and conflict in colleges and universities, and tensions in the design of higher education systems and organizations.

EDUC 356. Street History: Learning the Past in School and Out. 3-5 Units.

Interdisciplinary. Since Herodotus, history and memory have competed to shape minds: history cultivates doubt and demands interpretation; memory seeks certainty and detests that which thwarts its aims. History and memory collide in modern society, often violently. How do young people become historical amidst these forces; how do school, family, nation, and mass media contribute to the process?
Same as: HISTORY 337C.

EDUC 357X. Science and Environmental Education in Informal Contexts. 3-4 Units.

There are ever-expanding opportunities to learn science in contexts outside the formal classroom, in settings such as zoos, museums, and science centers. How are issues around science and the environment presented in these contexts, how do people behave and learn in these contexts, and what messages do they take away? This course will cover the learning theories and empirical research that has been conducted in these settings. Case studies of nearby science centers will add an experiential dimension.

EDUC 358X. Learning, Sharing, Publishing, and Intellectual Property. 1-4 Units.

This course explores the legalities and economics entailed in sharing intellectual property (books, websites, games, journals, etc.) associated with learning at all age levels in the digital era. It assesses the implications of historical, contemporary, and innovative approaches to intellectual property in designing for learning and teaching, as well as for the place of knowledge in the society at large. The course considers new licensing agreements and economic models that apply to learning resources, software systems, research, archives, and data. And the course publishes its own open access and open source journal as a demonstration project: https://accesscourse.stanford.edu.

EDUC 359B. Science Learning. 2-3 Units.

For doctoral students interested in science education and literacy in school subjects.

EDUC 359C. Science Literacy. 2-3 Units.

The changing debate over conceptions of the nature of science and the calls to broaden it. Themes, directions, limitations, and epistemological foundations of the body of research on the nature of science.

EDUC 359F. Research in Mathematics Education: Conducting Inquiry. 2-4 Units.

The focus of this seminar is an exploration of relationships between theory, research, and practice. At the center will be the participants' own research studies in mathematics education that they will conduct throughout the 10 weeks of the course. These will be accompanied by focused readings that illustrate various issues within the research enterprise as well as give participants a broad perspective on the field of mathematics education.

EDUC 360X. Developmental Psychopathology and Resilience. 3-4 Units.

In this course students will learn about theoretical, methodological, and empirical issues pertaining to developmental psychopathology and resilience of children and adolescents. The course focuses on (1) current conceptual and empirical issues; (2) cognitive, affective, and motivational processes that underlie some of the most salient childhood mental health symptoms and disorders; (3) family, school, and cultural factors that contribute to developmental psychopathology and resilience; and (4) cutting-edge analytic methods that are currently employed in studies of developmental psychopathology and resilience.

EDUC 362X. The Science Curriculum: Values and Ideology in a Contested Terrain. 2-4 Units.

The issue of what should be taught in schools is a site of contestation where issues of beliefs, values and ideologies emerge. This course will use the school science curriculum and the history of its development to explore the common positions adopted and argued for in approaching curriculum development. Course will help students develop a knowledge of curriculum reform in school science and a deeper understanding of the arguments that have shaped its present form and their historical antecedents.

EDUC 364. Cognition and Learning. 3-4 Units.

Cognitive psychology is the study of human thought including topics including the nature of expertise, creativity, and memory. Emphasis is on learning. The role of cognitive psychology in helping people learn, and determining the most desirable type of learning and whether people have learned. Students design and conduct their own learning study.

EDUC 365. Social, Emotional, and Personality Development. 3 Units.

Limited to doctoral students in DAPS and those with a background in child and adolescent development. Developmental processes that account for psychological adaptation in social relationships, schools, and other interpersonal settings. Theoretical models of social, personality, and emotional development. Topics such as self-concept, empathy, motivation, aggression, and personality formation.

EDUC 367. Cultural Psychology. 3-5 Units.

(Formerly 292.) The relationship between culture and psychological processes; how culture becomes an integral part of cognitive, social, and moral development. Both historical and contemporary treatments of cultural psychology, including deficit models, crosscultural psychology, ecological niches, culturally specific versus universal development, sociocultural frameworks, and minority child development. The role of race and power in research on cultural psychology.

EDUC 368. Cognitive Development in Childhood and Adolescence. 3-4 Units.

This course aims to broaden and deepen students¿ understanding of cognitive development from the prenatal period through adolescence. It will examine various theoretical, methodological, and empirical issues pertaining to different domains of cognitive development, such as neurobiological plasticity, infant cognition, theory of mind, memory, language, and executive functions. Throughout the course, as we survey research findings, we will discuss (1) methods that researchers have employed in their study of cognitive development; (2) limitations of current research and directions for future research; and (3) translation of research findings for practitioners and policymakers.

EDUC 370X. Theories of Cognitive Development. 3 Units.

The contributions of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky to the study of the developing mind of the child. Their theories, concepts, perspectives, empirical work, and lives. Topics: Piaget's genetic epistemology, constructivism, and idea of sensorimotor through formal operational stages; Vygotsky's cultural-historical approach, egocentric speech, and the relation between learning and development.

EDUC 371X. Social Psychology and Social Change. 2-3 Units.

The course is intended an exploration of the major ideas, theories, and findings of social psychology and their applied status. Special attention will be given to historical issues, classic experiments, and seminal theories, and their implications for topics relevant to education. Contemporary research will also be discussed. Advanced undergraduates and graduate students from other disciplines are welcome.
Same as: PSYCH 265.

EDUC 373X. Teaching in the Humanities-Research into Adolescent Literacy. 3-5 Units.

Relatively little attention has been paid to the role of humanities courses in teaching both general and disciplinary skills in reading and writing. With the growth of small schools, more middle and high school teachers find themselves teaching 'Humanities' courses. This seminar will explore what it means to teach the humanities, with special attention to how such courses can develop disciplinary reading and writing skills. Course will investigate how we develop tools to assess teaching and learning in the humanities.

EDUC 374. Philanthropy and Civil Society. 1-3 Units.

Associated with the Center for Philanthropy and Civil Society (PACS). Year-long workshop for doctoral students and advanced undergraduates writing senior theses on the nature of civil society or philanthropy. Focus is on pursuit of progressive research and writing contributing to the current scholarly knowledge of the nonprofit sector and philanthropy. Accomplished in a large part through peer review. Readings include recent scholarship in aforementioned fields. May be repeated for credit for a maximum of 9 units.
Same as: POLISCI 334, SOC 374.

EDUC 375A. Seminar on Organizational Theory. 5 Units.

The social science literature on organizations assessed through consideration of the major theoretical traditions and lines of research predominant in the field.
Same as: MS&E; 389, SOC 363A.

EDUC 375B. Seminar on Organizations: Institutional Analysis. 3-5 Units.

Seminar. Key lines of inquiry on organizational change, emphasizing network, institutional, and evolutionary arguments.
Same as: SOC 363B.

EDUC 376. State Theory and Educational Policy. 4 Units.

The relationship between political system structures and educational change by analyzing theories and interpretations of how political systems function, and the implications of these theories for understanding education. Classical and Marxist interpretations.

EDUC 377. Comparing Institutional Forms: Public, Private, and Nonprofit. 4 Units.

For students interested in the nonprofit sector, those in the joint Business and Education program, and for Public Policy MA students. The focus is on the missions, functions, and capabilities of nonprofit, public, and private organizations, and the managerial challenges inherent in the different sectors. Focus is on sectors with significant competition among institutional forms, including health care, social services, the arts, and education. Sources include scholarly articles, cases, and historical materials.
Same as: GSBGEN 346, PUBLPOL 317, SOC 377.

EDUC 377B. Strategic Management of Nonprofits. 4 Units.

(Same as STRAMGT 368). Strategic, governance, and management issues facing nonprofit organizations and their leaders in the era of venture philanthropy and social entrepreneurship. Development and fundraising, investment management, performance management, and nonprofit finance. Case studies include smaller, social entrepreneurial and larger, more traditional organizations, including education, social service, environment, health care, religion, NGOs, and performing arts.

EDUC 377C. Strategic Issues in Philanthropy. 4 Units.

(Also GSBGEN 381). Appropriate for any student driven to effect positive social change from either the for-profit or nonprofit sector, Strategic Philanthropy (GSBGEN 381/ EDUC 377C) will challenge students to expand their own strategic thinking about philanthropic aspiration and action. In recent decades, philanthropy has become an industry in itself - amounting to nearly $300 billion in the year 2011. Additionally, the last decade has seen unprecedented innovation in both philanthropy and social change. This course explores the key operational and strategic distinctions between traditional philanthropic entities, such as community foundations, private foundations, and corporate foundations; and innovative models, including funding intermediaries, open-source platforms, technology-driven philanthropies, and venture philanthropy partnerships. Course work will include readings and case discussions that encourage students to analyze both domestic and global philanthropic strategies as they relate to foundation mission, grant making, evaluation, financial management, infrastructure, knowledge management, policy change, and board governance. Guest speakers will consist of high profile philanthropists, foundation presidents, social entrepreneurs and Silicon Valley business leaders creating new philanthropic models. The course will culminate in an individual project in which students will complete a business plan for a $10 million private foundation.

EDUC 377D. Strategic Leadership of Nonprofits. 4 Units.

Formulating, evaluating, and implementing mission and strategy. Case studies from nonprofits in social services, health care, education, and arts and culture. The interaction of strategy and mission, industry structure and evolution, strategic change, growth and replication, corporate strategy, governance, commercialization, alliances, capacity building, and leadership.
Same as: STRAMGT 378.

EDUC 378X. Seminar on Social Change Processes and Organizations. 3-4 Units.

Theories of social change and influence processes within and through organizations. Social change organizations. The interaction of philanthropic institutions and other social change organizations within civil society. Meso-level theories of change.

EDUC 379X. Educational Inequality: Legal and Social Science Perspectives. 3-5 Units.

This class will examine the issue of inequality in primary and secondary education, particularly with respect to race and socioeconomic status, from the perspectives of both law and social science. The course will distinguish between inequality in terms of inputs versus outputs, presenting the empirical evidence about each and the relationship between the two. The course will explore the history of legal and policy responses to persistent inequality, and consider the challenge of contemporary educational inequality and survey the competing policy approaches, from desegregation to increased and redistributed funding to efforts to improve instructional quality, to centralized accountability and testing to market-based solutions.
Same as: LAW 505.

EDUC 380. Supervised Internship. 1-15 Units.

EDUC 381. Multicultural Issues in Higher Education. 4 Units.

The primary social, educational, and political issues that have surfaced in American higher education due to the rapid demographic changes occurring since the early 80s. Research efforts and the policy debates include multicultural communities, the campus racial climate, and student development; affirmative action in college admissions; multiculturalism and the curriculum; and multiculturalism and scholarship.
Same as: EDUC 181.

EDUC 382. Student Development and the Study of College Impact. 4 Units.

The philosophies, theories, and methods that undergird most research in higher education. How college affects students. Student development theories, models of college impact, and issues surrounding data collection, national databases, and secondary data analysis.

EDUC 386X. Leadership and Administration in Higher Education. 4 Units.

Definitions of leadership and leadership roles within colleges and universities. Leadership models and organizational concepts. Case study analysis of the problems and challenges facing today's higher education administrators.

EDUC 387A. Workshop: Comparative Studies of Educational and Political Systems. 1-5 Units.

Analysis of quantitative and longitudinal data on national educational systems and political structures. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Same as: SOC 311A.

EDUC 387B. Workshop: Comparative Systems of Educational and Political Systems. 1-5 Units.

Analysis of quantitative and longitudinal data on national educational systems and political structures. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Same as: SOC 311B.

EDUC 387C. Workshop: Comparative Studies of Educational and Political Systems. 1-5 Units.

Analysis of quantitative and longitudinal data on national educational systems and political structures. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.
Same as: SOC 311C.

EDUC 388A. Language Policies and Practices. 2 Units.

For STEP teacher candidates seeking to meet requirements for the English Learner Authorization on their preliminary credential. Historical, political, and legal foundations of education programs for English learners. Theories of second language learning, and research on the effectiveness of bilingual education. Theory-based methods to facilitate and measure English learners' growth in language and literacy acquisition, and create environments which promote English language development and content area learning through specially designed academic instruction in English. (STEP).

EDUC 388F. Introduction to Academic Language. 1 Unitss.

This course will provide opportunities for pre-service teachers to begin to develop an understanding of language uses, forms, and mechanics through application of a functional approach to academic language. By exploring language structures (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics) as well as lanauge-in-use (pragmatics and discourse), teacher candidates will be able to better recognize linguistic demands and challenges of students in the classroom.

EDUC 389X. Race, Ethnicity, and Language. 3-4 Units.

This seminar explores the linguistic construction of race and ethnicity across a wide variety of contexts and communities. Throughout the course, we will take a comparative perspective and highlight how different racial/ethnic formations participate in similar, yet different, ways of "doing race" though language, interaction and culture. Readings draw heavily from perspectives in (linguistic) anthropology and sociolinguistics. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Same as: ANTHRO 320A, LINGUIST 253.

EDUC 390X. Computational Modeling in Cognitive and Social Science. 3-4 Units.

Computational modeling and data-mining are dramatically changing the physical sciences, and more recently also the social and behavioral sciences. Traditional analysis techniques are insufficient to investigate complex dynamic social phenomena as social networks, online gaming, diffusion of innovation, opinion dynamics, classroom behavior, and other complex adaptive systems. In this course, we will learn about how modeling, network theory, and basic data-mining can support research in cognitive, and social sciences, in particular around issues of learning, cognitive development, and educational policy.
Same as: CS 424M.

EDUC 391X. Web-Based Technologies in Teaching and Learning. 3 Units.

Project-based. Overview of instructional design theories and educational technologies to evaluate and develop a web-based educational application or system. Web-based applications and technologies designed for online interactions and collaborations. Instructional systems strategies to develop online environments that support and facilitate interactive learning. Students create a small-scale, web-based learning system.

EDUC 392X. The Political Economy of Global Higher Education. 3-4 Units.

The course is intended to introduce students to the analysis of higher education and higher educational change in an international context, reviewing critically the current literature and showing how social scientists study higher education using quantitative and qualitative tools. The course will present a model of studying change, review political, sociological, and economic theories applied to higher education, and focus on four important case studies of higher education in the developing world: Brazil, Russia, India, and China, known also as the BRIC countries.

EDUC 393. Proseminar on Research in Education. 2 Units.

Overview of the field of education for joint degree (M.B.A./M.A.) students.

EDUC 394X. Research in Progress Seminar. 1 Unitss.

This seminar will provide a forum where graduate students could discuss prospective research ideas, present ongoing research, and consider theoretical issues of broad interest to the field. In this research in progress seminar students are expected to present ongoing research and have a discussion about it -- or a specific research article related to it --, with the purpose of eliciting feedback from the instructor and other seminar participants.

EDUC 396X. The Design of Technologies for Casual Learning. 3 Units.

Studio-based, participatory, and user-centered development of casual learning technologies is explored, using the Apple iPhone as a prototype platform. The term "casual" is borrowed from casual gaming to denote that the learning technologies are meant for learners to use in "extreme informal" learning circumstances (while "on the go", "any time and any place"). The class builds on learning about and synthesizing knowledge, theory and development activity in four areas including learning theories, mobile technologies, games and participatory design processes.
Same as: EDUC 196X.

EDUC 397X. Math Mentoring: Working in the Zone with Learners. 1-2 Units.

The course focuses on how the tutorial relationship can help students learn mathematics. The course will provide background theory and knowledge as well as provide practical approaches to tutoring, supports for targeting activities to students¿ needs, selection of materials and activities, and ways to assess the progress of the students and reflect on your own experience. Topics will include social theories of learning, teaching for understanding, and challenges of students who are English language learners. In addition to attending 4, two-hour workshop classes, 1 hour of tutoring is required each week. The course will meet 4 times during the quarter for workshops and discussions following Friday tutoring sessions. Students will submit assignments on the Coursework site on weeks that the course does not meet. A 1 unit section of the course will run in Winter and Spring quarters.
Same as: EDUC 187X.

EDUC 398X. Market-Based Education Reforms. 2 Units.

(Same as GSBGEN 577). This seminar course examines market-based education reforms and evidence on their impacts. Topics considered in depth will include public school choice, charter schools, vouchers, incentives for students and teachers, and accountability. We will pay special attention to the design and operation of education markets, the politics and legal challenges of market-based school reform, and methods for evaluating reform initiatives. The course will draw on cases both within the United States and internationally.

EDUC 399A. Designing Surveys. 1-2 Units.

This workshop/course is designed for students who are designing a survey for use in a research project. The workshop content draws on relevant cognitive processing theories and research (on comprehension, retrieval, judgment, and reporting). In addition to some readings and a few lectures, this workshop is designed to be highly interactive and practical. By the end of the course students will have designed and pilot tested their survey instrument. Course may be repeated for credit.

EDUC 399X. Mixed Methods Research. 3 Units.

This advanced course will address the theory and practice of mixing inquiry methodologies in social inquiry. The course will cover: 1) selected roots of the contemporary interest in mixing methods, 2) conceptualizations of mixed methods design and analysis, and 3) challenges of mixed methods practice.

EDUC 401A. Mini Courses in Methodology: Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences. 1 Unitss.

Statistical analysis using SPSS, including generating descriptive statistics, drawing graphs, calculating correlation coefficients, conducting t-tests, analysis of variance, and linear regression. Building up datasets, preparing datasets for analysis, conducting statistical analysis, and interpreting results.

EDUC 401B. Mini Courses in Methodology: Stata. 1 Unitss.

The computer as research tool. Statistical software Stata for data analysis, including t-tests, correlation, ANOVA, and multivariate linear regression.

EDUC 403X. Education's Digital Future. 1 Unitss.

This course provides an intellectual framework for understanding the revolution in digital learning. It has three broad themes: the evoloving state of knowledge on digital learning; the roles of education in modern societies; and the digital transformation of modern life generally. The course will convene over three quarters. All three themes will be addressed during each quarter. Students may enroll for a single quarter and/or participate in all three quarters for the most comprehensive overview.

EDUC 404X. Topics in Brazilian Education: Public Policy and Innovation for the 21st Century. 1-2 Units.

The objective of this seminar is to provide students from different backgrounds an opportunity to learn about current issues and debates on Brazilian education. The seminar will cover topics on the history of Brazilian education; an overview of current school reforms at the federal level; educational assessments; education and economic growth; educational equity; teacher labor market; technology and education; early childhood; and higher education to Brazil.

EDUC 405X. The Teaching of Literature: How We Teach & Why. 2-4 Units.

This course is designed for graduate students in English and English Education who are interested in questions surrounding the teaching of literature at both the secondary and collegiate level. The course weaves together theoretical considerations of the purposes for teaching literature, including assumptions about the kinds of readings and readers literature teachers are trying to create, with investigation of pedagogical practices.
Same as: ENGLISH 397X.

EDUC 406X. Perspectives on Teacher Learning and Lesson Study. 2-4 Units.

Seminar. Based on peer collaboration, lesson study helps to create professional communities among teachers and support their learning. Research literature, teacher thinking and beliefs, teacher professional development, and conceptual frameworks.

EDUC 409X. Managing to Outcomes in Education and Other Sectors. 2 Units.

Whether as students, taxpayers, or philanthropists, we share an interest that schools, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations effectively achieve their intended outcomes. This course asks how stakeholders and managers can assess these institutions' performance and commitment to continuous improvement. This seemingly technocratic question is often the center of political controversy, as it is today in criticisms of the student assessments required by No Child Left Behind and of "value-added" assessments of teacher performance. Ever mindful that performance management is a graveyard of good intentions, we will study the practical aspects of institutional change - including leadership, accountability, learning, and culture ?- that often account for the difference between success and failure. We start with the presumption that you can't manage what you can't measure, but managers can usually measure only proxies rather than ultimate outcomes. In addition to the inevitable slippage between the proxies and ultimate outcomes, there is a tension between using assessments for learning and improvement, on the one hand, and for accountability, incentives, and penalties, on the other. Moreover, people have incentives to "game" any performance evaluation system. We will examine the challenges of managing to outcomes in various contexts, focusing particularly on students' and teachers' performance, but also including the performance of selected government agencies (e.g., police and welfare departments), nonprofit organizations, and foundations. We will focus on the interconnections among strategic planning, performance budgeting, and performance management. We will also look at experiments with new funding vehicles that depend on measuring outcomes, such as social impact bonds, conditional cash transfers, and pay for performance schemes in healthcare and other sectors.

EDUC 411X. Early Childhood Education. 3-4 Units.

This course addresses a broad set of topics that have implications for developmentally appropriate and effective early childhood education. It begins with children's social, emotional and cognitive development and issues related to poverty, culture and language. We will also examine research evidence on effective instruction for young children, evaluations of preschool interventions, and several current policy debates.

EDUC 412X. Organization Studies Research Workshop. 1-2 Units.

For graduate students whose research is rooted in organization theory. Participants to present and receive feedback on their work including paper drafts, proposals and dissertation chapter. Sources include recent scholarship. May be repeated for credit.

EDUC 417. Research and Policy on Postsecondary Access. 3 Units.

The transition from high school to college. K-16 course focusing on high school preparation, college choice, remediation, pathways to college, and first-year adjustment. The role of educational policy in postsecondary access. Service Learning Course (certified by Haas Center).
Same as: EDUC 117.

EDUC 419X. Academic Achievement of Language Minority Students. 3-5 Units.

Emphasis is on the current state of knowledge in the research literature and comparisons to students' experiences and observations in bilingual education, English as a second language, reading instruction, cultural issues in education, and research methods.

EDUC 424. Introduction to Research in Curriculum and Teacher Education. 2-5 Units.

Required for first-year CTE doctoral students. How to conceptualize, design, and interpret research. How to read, interpret, and critique research; formulate meaningful research questions; evaluate and conduct a literature review; and conceptualize a study. Readings include studies from different research paradigms. Required literature review in an area students expect to explore for their qualifying paper.

EDUC 453. Doctoral Dissertation. 1-15 Units.

For doctoral students only. (all areas).

EDUC 465. Seminar in the Pedagogy of Teacher Education. 3 Units.

For doctoral students interested in working in teacher education. Pedagogical approaches, including the use of modeling and simulations and hypermedia materials. Theoretical considerations of how teachers learn to teach.

EDUC 466. Doctoral Seminar in Curriculum Research. 2-4 Units.

Required of all doctoral students in CTE, normally during their second year in the program. Students present their ideas regarding a dissertation or other research project, and prepare a short research proposal that often satisfies their second-year review.

EDUC 470. Practicum. 1-15 Units.

For advanced graduate students. (all areas).

EDUC 480. Directed Reading. 1-15 Units.

For advanced graduate students. (all areas).

EDUC 490. Directed Research. 1-15 Units.

For advanced graduate students. (all areas).

EDUC 493. Workshop in Design and Analysis of Comparative Studies. 1-3 Units.

A workshop for second-year and later students with data analysis or research design activities including dissertation planning or analysis. Readings and exercises developed around participating student research. Topics have included: multilevel data analysis, within-subjects designs, and implementation of matching methods for comparing non-equivalent groups. Various computing customs accommodated. See https://www-stat.stanford.edu/~rag/ed493/. Prerequisite: intermediate statistical methods course work.

EDUC 496. Research in History and Social Science Education. 3-5 Units.

For doctoral students. Literature on historical learning and teaching and corresponding social sciences research designs, assessment, and curriculum evaluation.
Same as: HISTORY 464E.

EDUC 801. TGR Project. 0 Unit.

For advanced graduate students. Instructor consent required. (all areas).

EDUC 802. TGR Dissertation. 0 Unit.

For advanced graduate students. Instructor consent required. (all areas).