Virtual Human Interaction Lab – Stanford University
{ Publications }
Blascovich, J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2011). Infinite Reality - Avatars, Eternal Life, New Worlds, and the Dawn of the Virtual Revolution. New York: William Morrow.
Cummings, J.J., Bailenson, J.N., & Fidler, M.J. (2012). How immersive is enough? A foundation for a meta-analysis of the effect of immersive technology on measured presence. Proceedings of the International Society for Presence Research Annual Conference. October 24-26, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Won, A.S., & Bailenson, J.N. (2012). Avatar Self-Identification as a Metric of Self-Presence. Proceedings of the International Society for Presence Research Annual Conference. October 24–26, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Won, A.S., Yu, L., Janssen, J.H., & Bailenson, J.N. (2012). Tracking Gestures to Detect Gender. Proceedings of the International Society for Presence Research Annual Conference. October 24 – 26, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Aymerich-Franch, L., Karutz, C., & Bailenson, J.N. (2012). Effects of Facial and Voice Similarity on Presence in a Public Speaking Virtual Environment. Proceedings of the International Society for Presence Research Annual Conference. October 24–26, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Segovia, K. Y., & Bailenson, J.N. (2012). Virtual imposters: Responses to avatars that do not look like their controllers. Social Influence.
Bailenson, J.N. (2012). Doppelgangers: A New Form of Self. The Psychologist, 25 (1), 36-39.
Ahn, S.J., Fox, J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2012). Avatars. In Bainbridge, W. S. (Ed.), Leadership in Science and Technology: A Reference Handbook. SAGE Publications.
2011
Bailenson, J.N., & Blascovich, J. (2011). Virtual Reality and Social Networks Will Be a Powerful Combination: Avatars will make social networks seductive. IEEE Spectrum. PDF
Jabon, M.E., Bailenson J.N., Pontikakis, E.D., Takayama, L., & Nass, C. (2011). Facial Expression Analysis for Predicting Unsafe Driving Behavior. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 10 (4), 84-95.
Ahn, S.J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2011). Self-endorsing versus other-endorsing in virtual environments: The effect on brand attitude and purchase intention. Journal of Advertising, 40 (2), 93-106.
Hershfield, H.E., Goldstein, D.G., Sharpe, W.F., Fox, J., Yeykelis, L., Carstensen, L.L., & Bailenson, J.N. (2011). Increasing saving behavior through age-progressed renderings of the future self. Journal of Marketing Research, 48, S23-S37.
Yee, N., Harris, H., Jabon, M., Bailenson, J.N. (2011). The Expression of Personality in Virtual Worlds. Social Psychology and Personality Science, 2 (1), 5-12.
Jabon, M.E., Ahn, S.J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2011). Automatically Analyzing Facial-Feature Movements to Identify Human Errors. IEEE Journal of Intelligent Systems, 26 (2), 54-63.
Ahn, S.J. (2011). Embodied Experiences in Immersive Virtual Environments: Effects on Pro-Environmental Attitude and Behavior. (Doctoral dissertation). Stanford University.
2010
Janssen, J.H., Bailenson J.N., IJsselsteijn, W.A., & Westerink, J.H.D.M. (2010). Intimate heartbeats: Opportunities for affective communication technology. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 1 (2), 72-80.
Fox, J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2010). The use of doppelgängers to promote health behavior change. CyberTherapy & Rehabilitation, 3 (2), 16-17.
Leonetti, C., & Bailenson, J.N. (2010). High-Tech view: The use of immersive virtual environments in jury trials. 93 (3) Marquette Law Review, 1073.
Ahn, S.J., Bailenson, J.N., Fox. J, & Jabon, M.E. (2010). Using Automated Facial Expression Analysis for Emotion and Behavior Prediction. in Doeveling, K., von Scheve, C., & Konjin, E. A. (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions and Mass Media (349-369). London/New York: Routledge.
Van Vugt, H., Bailenson, J.N., Konijn, E., & Hoorn, J. (2010). Effects of facial similarity on user responses to embodied agents. ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction, 17 (2), 7:1-27.
Bailenson, J.N. & Segovia, K.Y. (2010). Virtual doppelgangers: Psychological effects of avatars who ignore their owners. In W. S. Bainbridge (Ed.), Online worlds: Convergence of the real and the virtual (175-186). Springer: New York.
2009
Fox, J., Arena, D., & Bailenson, J.N. (2009). Virtual Reality: A survival guide for the social scientist. Journal of Media Psychology, 21 (3), 95-113.
McCall, C., Bailenson, J.N., Blascovich, J., & Beall, A. C. (2009). Leveraging collaborative virtual environment technology for inter-population research on persuasion in a classroom setting. PRESENCE: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 18 (5), 361-369.
Harris, H., Bailenson, J.N., Nielsen A. & Yee, N. (2009). The evolution of social behavior over time in Second Life. PRESENCE: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 18 (6), 294-303.
Segovia, K.Y. & Bailenson, J.N. (2009). Virtually true: Children's acquisition of false memories in virtual reality. Media Psychology, 12, 371-393.
Fox, J., Bailenson, J.N., & Binney, J. (2009). Virtual experiences, physical behaviors: The effect of presence on imitation of an eating avatar. PRESENCE: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 18(4), 294-303.
Fox, J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2009). Virtual self-modeling: The effects of vicarious reinforcement and identification on exercise behaviors. Media Psychology, 12, 1-25.
Yee, N. & Bailenson, J.N. (2009). The difference between being and seeing: The relative contribution of self perception and priming to behavioral changes via digital self-representation. Media Psychology, 12(2), 195-209.
Yee, N., Bailenson, J.N., & Ducheneaut, N. (2009). The Proteus Effect: Implications of transformed digital self-representation on online and offline behavior. Communication Research, 36 (2), 285-312.
Segovia, K.Y., Bailenson, J.N., Monin, B. (2009). Morality in tele-immersive environments. Proceedings of the International Conference on Immersive Telecommunications (IMMERSCOM), May 27 - 29, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Fox, J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2009). Virtual virgins and vamps: The effects of exposure to female characters' sexualized appearance and gaze in an immersive virtual environment. Sex Roles, 61 (3-4), 147-157.
Groom, V., Bailenson, J.N., & Nass, C. (2009). The influence of racial embodiment on racial bias in immersive virtual environments. Social Influence, 4(1), 1-18.
2008
Bailenson, J.N., Iyengar, S., Yee, N., & Collins, N. (2008). Facial similarity between voters and candidates causes influence. Public Opinion Quarterly, 72 (5), 935-961.
Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Blascovich, J., Beall, A.C., Lundblad, N., & Jin, M. (2008). The use of immersive virtual reality in the learning sciences: Digital transformations of teachers, students, and social context. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 17, 102-141.
Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Blascovich, J., & Guadagno, R.E. (2008). Transformed social interaction in mediated interpersonal communication. In Konijn, E., Tanis, M., Utz, S. & Linden, A. (Eds.), Mediated Interpersonal Communication (pp. 77-99). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ersner-Hershfield, H., Bailenson, J., & Carstensen, L.L. (2008). Feeling more connected to your future self: Using immersive virtual reality to increase retirement saving. Poster presented at the Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention, Chicago, IL.
Yee, N., Bailenson, J.N. (2008). A method for longitudinal behavioral data collection in Second Life, PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments. 17(6), 594-596.
Bailenson, J.N., Patel, K., Nielsen, A., Bajcsy, R., Jung, S., & Kurillo, G. (2008). The Effect of interactivity on learning physical actions in virtual reality. Media Psychology, 11, 354–376.
Loomis, J.M., Kelly, J.W., Pusch, M., Bailenson, J.N., & Beall, A.C. (2008). Psychophysics of perceiving eye and head direction with peripheral vision: Implications for the dynamics of eye gaze behavior. Perception (PDF), 37, 1443-1457.
Ahn, S.J., Jabon, M.E., & Bailenson, J.N. (2008). Facial expressions as predictors of online buying intention. Proceedings of the 58th Annual International Communication Association Conference. May 22-26, Montreal, Canada.
Bailenson, J.N., Pontikakis, E.D., Mauss, I.B., Gross, J.J., Jabon, M.E., Hutcherson, C.A., Nass, C., & John, O. (2008). Real-time classification of evoked emotions using facial feature tracking and physiological responses. International Journal of Human Machine Studies, 66, 303-317.
Bailenson, J.N., Blascovich, J., & Guadagno, R.E. (2008). Self representations in immersive virtual environments. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38, 11, pp. 2673-2690.
Bailenson, J.N., Davies, A., Beall. A.C., Blascovich, J., Guadagno, R.E., & McCall, C. (2008). The effects of witness viewpoint distance, angle, and choice on eyewitness accuracy in police lineups conducted in immersive virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 17(3), 242-255.
2007
Bailenson, J.N., & Yee, N. (2007). Virtual interpersonal touch and digital chameleons. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 31, 225-242.
Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Patel, K., & Beall, A.C. (2007). Detecting digital chameleons. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 66-87.
Yee, N. & Bailenson, J.N. (2007). The Proteus Effect: Self transformations in virtual reality. Human Communication Research, 33, 271-290.
Bailenson, J.N. & Yee, N. (2007). Virtual interpersonal touch: Haptic interaction and copresence in collaborative virtual environments. International Journal of Multimedia Tools and Applications, 37(1), 5-14.
Okita, S.Y., Bailenson, J., Schwartz, D. L. (2007). The mere belief of social interaction improves learning, In Proceedings of the Twenty-ninth Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. August, Nashville, USA.
Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Kim, A., & Tecarro, J (2007). Sciencepunk: The influence of informed science fiction on virtual reality research. In, Margret Grebowicz, ed. The Joy of SF: Essays in Science and Technology Studies (pp. 147-164). Open Court Publishing.
Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Brave, S., Merget, D., & Koslow, D. (2007). Virtual interpersonal touch: Expressing and recognizing emotions through haptic devices. Human-Computer Interaction, 22, 325-353.
Yee, N., Bailenson, J.N., Rickertsen, K. (2007). A meta-analysis of the impact of the inclusion and realism of human-like faces on user experiences in interfaces. Nominated for Best Paper Award in Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Human Interaction (CHI). April 28 - May 3, California, USA.
Guadagno, R.E., Blascovich, J., Bailenson, J.N., McCall, C. (2007). Virtual humans and persuasion: The effects of agency and behavioral realism. Media Psychology, 10, 1-22.
Yee, N., Bailenson, J.N., Urbanek, M., Chang, F., & Merget, D. (2007). The unbearable likeness of being digital; The persistence of nonverbal social norms in online virtual environments. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 10, 115-121.
2006
Bailenson, J.N. (2006). Transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments. In Messaris, P. and Humphreys, L. (Ed.) Digital Media: Transformations in Human Communication. 255-264. New York: Peter Lang.
Yee, N., & Bailenson, J.N. (2006). Walk a mile in digital shoes: The impact of embodied perspective-taking on the reduction of negative stereotyping in immersive virtual environments. Proceedings of PRESENCE 2006: The 9th Annual International Workshop on Presence. August 24 – 26, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Bailenson, J.N., Garland , P., Iyengar, S., & Yee, N. (2006). Transformed facial similarity as a political cue: A preliminary investigation. Political Psychology, 27, 373-386.
Bailenson, J.N. & Beall, A.C. (2006). Transformed social interaction: Exploring the digital plasticity of avatars. In Schroeder, R. & Axelsson, A.'s (Eds.), Avatars at Work and Play: Collaboration and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environments, Springer-Verlag, 1-16.
Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Merget, D., & Schroeder, R. (2006). The effect of behavioral realism and form realism of real-time avatar faces on verbal disclosure, nonverbal disclosure, emotion recognition, and copresence in dyadic interaction. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 15, 359-372.
Bailenson, J.N., & Yee, N. (2006). A longitudinal study of task performance, head movements, subjective report, simulator sickness, and transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 15(6).
Patel, K., Bailenson, J.N., Hack-Jung, S., Diankov , R., & Bajcsy , R. (2006). The effects of fully immersive virtual reality on the learning of physical tasks. Proceedings of PRESENCE 2006: The 9th Annual International Workshop on Presence. August 24 – 26, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Deng, Z., Bailenson, J.N., Lewis J.P., & Neumann, U. (2006). Perceiving visual emotions with speech. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. California , USA . 21-23 August.
Bailenson, J.N., Blascovich, J., Beall, A.C., & Noveck, B. (2006). Courtroom applications of virtual environments, immersive virtual environments, and collaborative virtual environments. Law and Policy, 28(2), 249-270.
Blascovich, J., & Bailenson, J. (2006). Immersive Virtual Environments and Education Simulations. In Cohen, Portney, Rehberger, Thorsen (Eds.) Virtual Decisions: Digital Simulations for Teaching Reasoning in the Social Sciences and Humanities. Mahwah , New Jersey: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Inc.
2005
Bailenson, J.N., Beall., A.C., Blascovich, J., Loomis, J., & Turk, M. (2005). Transformed social interaction, augmented gaze, and social influence in immersive virtual environments. Human Communication Research, 31, 511-537.
Bailenson, J.N. & Yee, N. (2005). Digital Chameleons: Automatic assimilation of nonverbal gestures in immersive virtual environments. Psychological Science, 16, 814-819.
Bailenson, J.N., Swinth, K. R., Hoyt, C. L., Persky, S., Dimov, A., and Blascovich, J. (2005). The independent and interactive effects of embodied agent appearance and behavior on self-report, cognitive, and behavioral markers of copresence in immersive virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 14, 379-393.
Turk, M., Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., Blascovich, J., Guadagno, R. (2004). Multimodal transformed social interaction. Proceedings of the ACM Sixth International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI), October 14 - 15, State College, PA, USA.
Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., Loomis, J., Blascovich, J., & Turk, M. (2004). Transformed social interaction: Decoupling representation from behavior and form in collaborative virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 13(4), 428-441.
Bailenson, J.N., Aharoni, E. Beall, A.C., Guadagno, R.E., Dimov, A., & Blascovich, J. (2004). Comparing behavioral and self-report measures of embodied agents' social presence in immersive virtual environments. Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Workshop on PRESENCE ( Valencia , Spain ).
Bailenson, J.N., & Blascovich, J. (2004) Avatars. Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, Berkshire Publishing Group, 64-68.
Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., Blascovich, J., & Rex, C. (2004). Examining virtual busts: Are photogrammetrically-generated head models effective for person identification? PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 13(4), 416-427.
Beall, A.C., Bailenson, J.N., Loomis, J., Blascovich, J., & Rex, C. (2003). Non-zero-sum mutual gaze in collaborative virtual environments. Proceedings of HCI International, 2003, Crete.
Bailenson, J.N., Blascovich, J.,Beall, A.C., & Loomis, J.M., (2003). Interpersonal distance in immersive virtual environments. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29. 1-15.
Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., & Blascovich, J. (2003). Using virtual heads for person identification: An empirical study comparing photographs to photogrammetrically-generated models. Journal of Forensic Identification, 53 (6), 722-728.
Bailenson, J.N., Beall. A.C., & Blascovich, J. (2002). Mutual gaze and task performance in shared virtual environments. Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 13, 1-8.
Blascovich, J., Loomis, J., Beall, A., Swinth, K., Hoyt, C., & Bailenson, J.N. (2002). Immersive virtual environment technology as a methodological tool for social psychology. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 103-124.
Blascovich, J., Loomis, J., Beall, A., Swinth, K., Hoyt, C., & Bailenson, J. (2002). Immersive virtual environment technology: Not just another research tool for social psychology. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 146-149.
Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., Blascovich, J., Weisbuch, M., & Raimmundo, R. (2001). Intelligent agents who wear your face: Users' reactions to the virtual self. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 2190, 86-99.
Bailenson, J.N., Blascovich, J., Beall, A.C., & Loomis, J.M. (2001). Equilibrium revisited: Mutual gaze and personal space in virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 10. 583-598.
